Associations between allergic symptoms and phosphate flame retardants in dust and their urinary metabolites among school children

Araki, Atsuko; Bastiaensen, Michiel; Bamai, Yu Ait; Eede, Nele Van den; Kawai, Takeshi; Tsuboi, Taijū; Ketema, Rahel Mesfin; Kishi, Reiko

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.018

Cited by 88 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Indoor air pollution is determined partly by outdoor air quality depending on ventilation systems and cleaning practices. Additional environmental chemical exposures associated with atopic disease include phar-maceuticals, cosmetic products, flame retardants, and others (97)(98)(99)(100). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are also worrisome as Westernized societal exposure shifts from transport-related VOCs to VOCs from coatings, adhesives, and consumer products that alter urban air quality (101).…”

Section: Impact Of Air Pollution On Allergic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental exposures and mechanisms in allergy and asthma development

Murrison¹,

Brandt²,

Myers³

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Investigation

266

160

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Section: Impact Of Air Pollution On Allergic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental exposures and mechanisms in allergy and asthma development

Murrison¹,

Brandt²,

Myers³

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Investigation

266

160

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“…TDCIPP measured in house dust samples was associated with an increased risk of wheezing in children 7 years of age [59], though not with asthma among children aged 4-8 years [69]. A positive association between urinary TCIPP metabolite concentrations and an increased risk of rhino-conjunctivitis was cross-sectionally observed among children aged 6-12 years [60]. TCIPP measured in house dust two months after birth was not associated with the development of asthma at 4 or 8 years in a case-control study (110 cases and 110 controls) [69].…”

Section: Epidemiological Associationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In the cross-sectional study conducted by Araki et al [71], the authors did not observe any association between an increased risk of allergic rhinitis in adults and children and TCIPP concentration in house dust. On the contrary, they found a positive association between TNBP concentrations in house dust and risk of asthma among children and adults, as well as an increased risk of allergic rhinitis [60].…”

Section: Epidemiological Associationsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Since 2000, 19 epidemiological studies have been assessed, mostly in the USA, on the associations between exposure to OPFRs and health effects in humans, and they are presented in Table 1 [40,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. The health outcomes studied were reproductive, thyroid, neurodevelopmental, respiratory, immunotoxic and dermal.…”

Section: Epidemiological Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organophosphorus Flame Retardants: A Global Review of Indoor Contamination and Human Exposure in Europe and Epidemiological Evidence

Chupeau

Bonvallot

Mercier

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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We aimed to identify high-priority organophosphorus flame retardants for action and research. We thus critically reviewed literature between 2000 and 2019 investigating organophosphorus flame retardants’ presence indoors and human exposure in Europe, as well as epidemiological evidence of human effects. The most concentrated compounds indoors were tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate (TBOEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCIPP), tris(2,3-dichloropropyl)phosphate (TDCIPP). TBOEP and TCIPP were the most consistently detected compounds in humans’ urine, hair or breast milk as well as tris (butyl) phosphate (TNBP) and tris (phenyl) phosphate (TPHP). Notably, epidemiological evidence concerned reprotoxicity, neurotoxicity, respiratory effects and eczema risk for TDCIPP, eczema increase for TBOEP, and neurodevelopmental outcomes for Isopropylated triarylphosphate isomers (ITPs). Given the ubiquitous presence indoors and the prevalence of exposure, the growing health concern seems justified. TDCIPP and TPHP seem to be of particular concern due to a high prevalence of exposure and epidemiological evidence. TBOEP and TNBP require epidemiological studies regarding outcomes other than respiratory or dermal ones.

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“…Krivoshiev, Beemster, Sprangers, Cuypers, et al, 2018). An epidemiological study revealed a strong positive association between TBEP metabolites in urine and eczema (Araki et al, 2018). By contrast, Araki et al (Araki et al, 2014) reported that TBEP in indoor floors and multi-surface dust were not associated with the prevalence of asthma and allergies (including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis), although they also noted that the report was preliminary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of oral exposure to low‐dose tris(2‐butoxyethyl) phosphate in allergic asthmatic mice

Yanagisawa

Koike

Win-Shwe

et al. 2020

J of Applied Toxicology

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Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) is a major organophosphorus flame retardant and has been widely increasing as a substitute for brominated flame retardants. TBEP may have adverse effects on human health; however, its impact on immune and allergic responses remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, the effects of low-dose TBEP comparable with the level of actual human exposure to that of human tolerable daily intake on allergic asthmatic mice were explored. Five-week-old C3H/HeJSlc male mice consumed a diet containing approximately 0.02, 0.2 or 2 μg/kg/day TBEP and were intratracheally administrated ovalbumin (OVA) (1 μg/mouse every 2 weeks from 5 to 11 weeks of age). Exposure to 2 μg/kg/day TBEP with OVA tended to enhance allergic pulmonary inflammation and significantly elevated mRNA levels of interleukin-5, eotaxin-1 and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) compared with OVA alone. In mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs), TBEP (0.2 or 2 μg/kg/day) with OVA significantly increased in total cell number and promoted conventional dendritic cell activation than OVA alone; MLN cell proliferation by OVA restimulation was also enhanced in these groups. In the bone marrow (BM), TBEP (0.02 or 0.2 μg/kg/day) with OVA resulted in a net decrease in total cell number and fraction of CCR2 + Gr-1 + cells; the fraction of Gr-1 + cells increased. In conclusion, oral exposure to low-dose TBEP levels equivalent to tolerable daily intake may exacerbate allergic pulmonary inflammation by promoting a skewed T-helper 2 cell response, upregulation of ERα and dysregulation of both MLN and BM microenvironments. K E Y W O R D S allergic asthma, estrogen receptor, low-dose effects, organophosphorus flame retardants, Th2 response, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate 1 | INTRODUCTION Flame retardants (FRs) are used globally to meet flammability standards for building materials, textiles and appliances. Because of their toxicity, persistence in the environment and bioaccumulation, brominated FRs, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers, have been banned or voluntarily phased out in many countries. There is growing demand for less toxic alternatives (van der Veen & de Boer, 2012). In particular, the use of organophosphorus FRs (OPFRs) as FRs and plasticizers in consumer products, including plastics, textiles, paints and furniture, is gaining popularity (Marklund, Andersson, & Haglund, 2005). In Japan, approximately 100 000 tons of FR materials are used per year, of which about 27% were OPFRs (Ministry of the Environment in Japan, 2017). In the United States, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reports that OPFRs account for 11.5% of the total consumption of FRs (Agency for Toxic

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Associations between allergic symptoms and phosphate flame retardants in dust and their urinary metabolites among school children

Abstract: We found that TDCIPP in house dust, and metabolites of TDCIPP, TBOEP and TCIPP were associated with children's allergic symptoms. Despite some limitations of this study, these results indicate that children's exposure to PFR may impact their allergic symptoms.

Cited by 88 publications

References 40 publications

Environmental exposures and mechanisms in allergy and asthma development

Environmental exposures and mechanisms in allergy and asthma development

Organophosphorus Flame Retardants: A Global Review of Indoor Contamination and Human Exposure in Europe and Epidemiological Evidence

The impact of oral exposure to low‐dose tris(2‐butoxyethyl) phosphate in allergic asthmatic mice

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