Associations between an inflammatory diet index and severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective study of 171,544 UK Biobank participants

Petermann‐Rocha, Fanny; Wirth, Michael D.; Boonpor, Jirapitcha; Parra‐Soto, Solange; Zhou, Ziyi; Mathers, John C.; Livingstone, Katherine M.; Forrest, Ewan; Pell, Jill P.; Ho, Frederick K; Hébert, James R.; Celis‐Morales, Carlos

doi:10.1186/s12916-023-02793-y

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For example, utilizing the data from NHANES 2005-2016, Zhang et al found that a pro-inflammatory diet as measured by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was associated with a deteriorating NAFLD, where participants in the highest quartile of DII scores had a significantly 52% higher risk of NAFLD than the lowest quartile [31]. Similar results were identified among UK Biobank participants, Petermann-Rocha et al revealed a significant association between the E-DII (Energyadjusted Diet Inflammatory Index) and incident severe NAFLD by resulting that individuals in the very pro-inflammatory category had 1.54 times higher risk of severe NAFLD compared with those in the very anti-inflammatory group [32]. While inversely E-DII (indicating an anti-inflammatory diet) was correlated with lower US fatty liver index and hepatic steatosis index values in a nationally representative sample of US adults [33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Diet plays an important role in NAFLD development [28,29], and the underlying mechanisms are suggested to partially involve the modulation of inflammation [30,31]. Regarding the association between diet and NAFLD, a few prior studies have examined this association using different approaches: either inflammatory diet index or empirically derived dietary patterns [31][32][33][34]. For example, utilizing the data from NHANES 2005-2016, Zhang et al found that a pro-inflammatory diet as measured by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was associated with a deteriorating NAFLD, where participants in the highest quartile of DII scores had a significantly 52% higher risk of NAFLD than the lowest quartile [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of dietary inflammatory potential and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in US adults

Tian

Zheng

et al. 2023

European Journal of Gastroenterology &Amp; Hepatology

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Objectives Long-term inflammatory effects of diet may elevate the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study aims to investigate dietary patterns associated with inflammation and whether such diets were associated with the risk of NAFLD. Methods Data were collected from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary intake was obtained through two 24-hour dietary recall interviews, and levels of inflammatory biomarkers were assessed in blood samples. NAFLD was defined as a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ≥ 274 dB/m. Reduced-rank regression (RRR) analysis was used to derive sex-specific inflammatory dietary patterns (IDPs). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between IDPs and NAFLD. Results A total of 3570 participants were included in this study. We identified the IDP characterized by higher intake of added sugars, and lower intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, seafood high in n-3 fatty acids, soybean products, nuts, seeds, yogurt, and oils. After multivariate adjustment, the highest tertile of the IDP scores had a significantly higher risk of NAFLD than the lowest tertile [odds ratio (OR) = 1.884, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.003–3.539, P for trend = 0.044 for males; OR = 1.597, 95% CI = 1.129–2.257, P for trend = 0.010 for females]. Conclusion Overall, the IDP was positively associated with the prevalence of NAFLD. The findings may provide dietary prevention strategies for controlling chronic inflammation and further preventing NAFLD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of dietary inflammatory potential and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in US adults

Tian

Zheng

et al. 2023

European Journal of Gastroenterology &Amp; Hepatology

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“…The outcome of this study is severe NAFLD, which was obtained via links to the hospital and death record. NAFLD was identified with International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) codes K75.8 and K76.0 according to previous studies [ 21 , 28 , 29 ] (see Table S 2 for details).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution, life’s essential 8, and risk of severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among individuals with type 2 diabetes

Aimuzi,

Xie,

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background The impacts of long-term exposure to air pollution on the risk of subsequent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is ambiguous. The modifying role of Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) remains unknown. Methods This study included 23,129 participants with T2D at baseline from the UK Biobank. Annual means of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM2.5–10, PM10) were estimated using the land-use regression model for each participant. The associations between exposure to air pollution and the risk of severe NAFLD were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models. The effect modification of LE8 was assessed through stratified analyses. Results During a median 13.6 years of follow-up, a total of 1,123 severe NAFLD cases occurred. After fully adjusting for potential covariates, higher levels of PM2.5 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.12, 95%CI:1.02, 1.23 per interquartile range [IQR] increment), NO2 (HR = 1.15, 95%CI:1.04, 1.27), and NOX (HR = 1.08, 95%CI:1.01, 1.17) were associated with an elevated risk of severe NAFLD. In addition, LE8 score was negatively associated with the risk of NAFLD (HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.97, 0.98 per point increment). Compared with those who had low air pollution and high LE8, participants with a high air pollution exposure and low LE8 had a significantly higher risk of severe NAFLD. Conclusions Our findings suggest that long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with an elevated risk of severe NAFLD among participants with T2D. A lower LE8 may increase the adverse impacts of air pollution on NAFLD.

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“…The establishment of DII provided a valuable method to assess the effect of dietary inflammatory potential on health. DII is found to be strongly associated with many health outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases 7–9 . Surprisingly, only a few studies delved into the association between DII and the risk of diabetes, and the results varied 10–14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of a proinflammatory diet, habitual salt intake, and the onset of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank

Shen,

Cai,

Wang

et al. 2024

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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AimTo explore the relationship between proinflammatory diet, habitual salt intake and the onset of type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted among 171 094 UK Biobank participants who completed at least one 24‐h dietary questionnaire and were free of diabetes at baseline. Participants were followed up until 1 March 2023 for type 2 diabetes incidence, with diagnosis information obtained from linked medical records. An Energy‐adjusted Diet Inflammatory Index (E‐DII) was calculated based on 28 food parameters. Habitual salt intake was determined through the self‐reported frequency of adding salt to foods. The associations between E‐DII, habitual salt intake and type 2 diabetes incidence were tested by the Cox proportional hazard regression model.ResultsOver a median follow‐up period of 13.5 years, 6216 cases of type 2 diabetes were documented. Compared with participants with a low E‐DII (indicative of an anti‐inflammatory diet), participants with a high E‐DII (indicative of a proinflammatory diet) had an 18% heightened risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The association between E‐DII and type 2 diabetes tends to be linear after adjustment for major confounders. Participants with a proinflammatory diet and always adding salt to foods had the highest risk of type 2 diabetes incidence (hazard ratio 1.60, 95% confidence interval 1.32‐1.94).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that a proinflammatory diet and higher habitual salt intake were associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. These results support the public health promotion of an anti‐inflammatory diet and reducing salt intake to prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes.

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Associations between an inflammatory diet index and severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective study of 171,544 UK Biobank participants

Cited by 39 publications

References 49 publications

Association of dietary inflammatory potential and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in US adults

Association of dietary inflammatory potential and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in US adults

Air pollution, life’s essential 8, and risk of severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among individuals with type 2 diabetes

Associations of a proinflammatory diet, habitual salt intake, and the onset of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank

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