Associations Between Antisocial Personality Disorder and Sex on Discounting Rates

Andrade, Leonardo F.; Riven, Levi; Petry, Nancy M.

doi:10.1007/s40732-014-0085-0

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With hundreds of publications a year focused on delay discounting, these measurements have now been performed on a wide variety of healthy and clinical populations under many different conditions. Examples of the prevalence of this measure in the literature include large studies and meta-analyses in healthy volunteers [ 7 – 13 ], as well as case-control studies in a variety of patient populations with substance use disorders [ 14 – 16 ], anorexia [ 17 ], obesity [ 18 ], personality disorders [ 19 ], ADHD [ 20 ], and anxiety [ 21 – 23 ]. Adding to this growing literature, several groups have investigated the neural basis of temporal discounting [ 24 – 29 ] and others have explored the effect of behavioral or neural manipulations on temporal discounting in healthy volunteers [ 30 – 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk preferences impose a hidden distortion on measures of choice impulsivity

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Measuring temporal discounting through the use of intertemporal choice tasks is now the gold standard method for quantifying human choice impulsivity (impatience) in neuroscience, psychology, behavioral economics, public health and computational psychiatry. A recent area of growing interest is individual differences in discounting levels, as these may predispose to (or protect from) mental health disorders, addictive behaviors, and other diseases. At the same time, more and more studies have been dedicated to the quantification of individual attitudes towards risk, which have been measured in many clinical and non-clinical populations using closely related techniques. Economists have pointed to interactions between measurements of time preferences and risk preferences that may distort estimations of the discount rate. However, although becoming standard practice in economics, discount rates and risk preferences are rarely measured simultaneously in the same subjects in other fields, and the magnitude of the imposed distortion is unknown in the assessment of individual differences. Here, we show that standard models of temporal discounting -such as a hyperbolic discounting model widely present in the literature which fails to account for risk attitudes in the estimation of discount rates-result in a large and systematic pattern of bias in estimated discounting parameters. This can lead to the spurious attribution of differences in impulsivity between individuals when in fact differences in risk attitudes account for observed behavioral differences. We advance a model which, when applied to standard choice tasks typically used in psychology and neuroscience, provides both a better fit to the data and successfully de-correlates risk and impulsivity parameters. This results in measures that are more accurate and thus of greater utility to the many fields interested in individual differences in impulsivity.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk preferences impose a hidden distortion on measures of choice impulsivity

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, data reveal that White individuals with GD discount delayed rewards at less steep rates than do African American and Hispanic people with GD, even after controlling for income, education, employment, gambling severity, and drug severity (Andrade & Petry, 2014). In another study, although there were some associations between sex, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and probability discounting (described below), there were no differences on the basis of temporal (delay) discounting (Andrade, Riven, & Petry, 2014).…”

Section: Gambling Disorder Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One plausible reason provided for this counterintuitive finding is that people with GD who discount probabilistic rewards more steeply, and who are seeking treatment, may be aware that they will have greater difficulty stopping gambling once they start. In an additional study of probability discounting that examined the role of ASPD and sex, female people with GD and ASPD discounted probabilistic monetary rewards at a lower rate (i.e., were more impulsive) than men with ASPD and than individuals of both sexes who did not have ASPD (Andrade et al, 2014).…”

Section: Gambling Disorder Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nancy Petry’s impact on the gambling disorder field: Mechanisms, treatment, and the DSM–5.

Ledgerwood

2020

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gambling disorder field has grown substantially in the past few decades, with an explosion of research in numerous areas. Dr. Nancy Petry has been one of the pioneers in this field who helped to influence both its growth and its direction. This review describes Dr. Petry’s lasting legacy on the gambling field through her influence on three primary areas: gambling disorder mechanisms of delay and probability discounting; treatment efficacy and effectiveness; and her role in the development of the DSM–5 criteria for gambling disorder.

show abstract

Me, Myself, and Money II: Relative Deprivation Predicts Disordered Gambling Severity via Delay Discounting, Especially Among Gamblers Who Have a Financially Focused Self-Concept

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the current research, we examined whether the known link between relative deprivation and disordered gambling (via delay discounting; i.e., preferences for immediate smaller rewards relative to delayed larger rewards) is moderated by the extent to which gamblers have a financially focused self-concept. Specifically, we hypothesized that delay discounting would be a strong predictor of disordered gambling among those who base their self-worth on their financial success. To test this moderated-mediation model, a community sample of gamblers (N = 239) completed measures that assessed relative deprivation, delay discounting, financially focused self-concept, and disordered gambling severity. As predicted, people who felt more relative deprivation reported more severe symptoms of disordered gambling and this association was mediated by delay discounting. Importantly, this mediated relationship was moderated by the extent to which participants' self-concept was focused on financial success. Among participants whose self-concept was high in financial focus, greater delay discounting (stemming from relative deprivation) was a strong predictor of disordered gambling. Among people whose self-concept was low in financial focus, delay discounting (stemming from relative deprivation) was a weak predictor of disordered gambling. Thus, the magnitude of the indirect effect of relative deprivation on disordered gambling severity was larger among people with a more financially focused self-concept-an effect mediated by delay discounting. These findings suggest that targeting gamblers' financial focus in prevention and treatment interventions may be instrumental in curtailing the development and maintenance of disordered gambling.

show abstract

Associations Between Antisocial Personality Disorder and Sex on Discounting Rates

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Risk preferences impose a hidden distortion on measures of choice impulsivity

Risk preferences impose a hidden distortion on measures of choice impulsivity

Nancy Petry’s impact on the gambling disorder field: Mechanisms, treatment, and the DSM–5.

Me, Myself, and Money II: Relative Deprivation Predicts Disordered Gambling Severity via Delay Discounting, Especially Among Gamblers Who Have a Financially Focused Self-Concept

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About