Associations between body mass index and clinico‐pathological characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer

Kim, Hye Jeong; Kim, Na Kyung; Choi, Ji Hun; Sohn, Seo Young; Kim, Se Won; Jin, Sang‐Man; Jang, Hye Won; Suh, Sunghwan; Min, Yong‐Ki; Chung, Jae Hoon; Kim, Sun Wook

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04506.x

Cited by 108 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Future studies should address interactions between chemotherapy and known thyroid cancer risk factors, including radiation, 14,24 family history, 47 and obesity. 48 The high prevalence of increased body mass index as a component of metabolic syndrome is well established in survivors of TC 49 and may serve as an additional explanation for our observations. Teratoma may undergo malignant transformation to any histologic subtype, 16 with soft tissue sarcoma being the most frequent (63%).…”

Section: Solid Tumors After Testicular Nonseminomamentioning

confidence: 59%

Solid Tumors After Chemotherapy or Surgery for Testicular Nonseminoma: A Population-Based Study

Fung¹,

Fosså²,

Milano³

et al. 2013

JCO

124

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A B S T R A C T PurposeIncreased risks of solid tumors after older radiotherapy strategies for testicular cancer (TC) are well established. Few population-based studies, however, focus on solid cancer risk among survivors of TC managed with nonradiotherapy approaches. We quantified the site-specific risk of solid cancers among testicular nonseminoma patients treated in the modern era of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, without radiotherapy. Patients and MethodsStandardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for solid tumors were calculated for 12,691 patients with testicular nonseminoma reported to the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (1980 to 2008) and treated initially with either chemotherapy (n ϭ 6,013) or surgery (n ϭ 6,678) without radiotherapy. Patients accrued 116,073 person-years of follow-up. ResultsTwo hundred ten second solid cancers were observed. No increased risk followed surgery alone (SIR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.14; n ϭ 99 solid cancers), whereas significantly increased 40% excesses (SIR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.73; n ϭ 111 solid cancers) occurred after chemotherapy. Increased risks of solid cancers after chemotherapy were observed in most follow-up periods (median latency, 12.5 years), including more than 20 years after treatment (SIR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.96 to 2.33); significantly increased three-to seven-fold risks occurred for cancers of the kidney (SIR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.79 to 5.77), thyroid (SIR, 4.40; 95% CI, 2.19 to 7.88), and soft tissue (SIR, 7.49; 95% CI, 3.59 to 13.78). ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first large population-based series reporting significantly increased risks of solid cancers among patients with testicular nonseminoma treated in the modern era of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Subsequent analytic studies should focus on the evaluation of dose-response relationships, types of solid cancers, latency patterns, and interactions with other possible factors, including genetic susceptibility.

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Section: Solid Tumors After Testicular Nonseminomamentioning

confidence: 59%

Solid Tumors After Chemotherapy or Surgery for Testicular Nonseminoma: A Population-Based Study

Fung¹,

Fosså²,

Milano³

et al. 2013

JCO

124

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“…These results suggest an important role of excess total (as opposed to central) adiposity across the lifespan on thyroid cancer incidence. Prospective studies that directly evaluate pre-diagnostic levels of biomarkers of insulin resistance, inflammation, estrogen, and other metabolic disturbances related to total adiposity may provide some insight regarding possible underlying mechanisms (52)(53)(54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk by Histological Subtype: Pooled Analysis of 22 Prospective Studies

Kitahara

McCullough

Franceschi

et al. 2016

Thyroid

159

127

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Background: Greater height and body mass index (BMI) have been associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, particularly papillary carcinoma, the most common and least aggressive subtype. Few studies have evaluated these associations in relation to other, more aggressive histologic types or thyroid cancer-specific mortality. Methods: This large pooled analysis of 22 prospective studies (833,176 men and 1,260,871 women) investigated thyroid cancer incidence associated with greater height, BMI at baseline and young adulthood, and adulthood BMI gain (difference between young-adult and baseline BMI), overall and separately by sex and histological subtype using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Associations with thyroid cancer mortality were investigated in a subset of cohorts (578,922 men and 774,373 women) that contributed cause of death information. Results: During follow-up, 2996 incident thyroid cancers and 104 thyroid cancer deaths were identified. All anthropometric factors were positively associated with thyroid cancer incidence: hazard ratios (HR) [confidence intervals ( . Associations for baseline BMI and waist circumference were attenuated after mutual adjustment. Baseline BMI was more strongly associated with risk in men compared with women ( p = 0.04). Positive associations were observed for papillary, follicular, and anaplastic, but not medullary, thyroid carcinomas. Similar, but stronger, associations were observed for thyroid cancer mortality. Conclusion:The results suggest that greater height and excess adiposity throughout adulthood are associated with higher incidence of most major types of thyroid cancer, including the least common but most aggressive form, anaplastic carcinoma, and higher thyroid cancer mortality. Potential underlying biological mechanisms should be explored in future studies.

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“…In 2013, Kim and colleagues showed that obesity was not only associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancers, but could also exert an influence on tumor presentation. They reported that a 5-kg/m 2 increase in the BMI was associated with PTCs O1 cm (ORZ1.31; P!0.001), microscopic extrathyroidal invasion (ORZ 1.23; PZ0.006), and advanced tumor/node/metastases (TNM) stage (ORZ1.30; PZ0.003) (Kim et al 2013a). Some other authors have been reinforcing the data on the relationship between obesity and thyroid cancer, and the most recent studies have focussed on the possible links for this association, such as diabetes and/or IR (Shih et al 2012, Tseng 2013, cytokines (Cheng et al 2012, Di Cristofano 2013, diet (Kim et al 2013b), anthropometric factors (Kim et al 2013c), and even genetic variants that might affect susceptibility to thyroid cancers (Kitahara et al 2012a,b).…”

Section: Association Between Overweight and Thyroid Cancer: Observatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and thyroid cancer

Marcello,

Cunha,

Batista

et al. 2014

Endocrine Related Cancer

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Many studies have provided observational data on the association of obesity and thyroid cancers, but only few of them propose mechanisms that would permit a better understanding of the causal molecular mechanisms of this association. Considering that there is an increasing incidence of both obesity and thyroid cancers, we need to summarize and link recent studies in order to characterize and understand the contribution of obesity-related factors that might affect thyroid cancer development and progression. Adipose tissue is involved in many vital processes, including insulin sensitivity, angiogenesis, regulation of energy balance, activation of the complement system, and responses such as inflammation. Although these processes have their own molecular pathways, they involve the same molecules through which obesity and adipose tissue might exert their roles in carcinogenesis, not only affecting MAPK and PI3K or even insulin pathways, but also recruiting local inflammatory responses that could result in disease formation and progression. This review describes five important issues that might explain the link between excessive weight and thyroid cancer: thyroid hormones, insulin resistance, adipokines, inflammation, and sexual hormones.

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Associations between body mass index and clinico‐pathological characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer

Cited by 108 publications

References 33 publications

Solid Tumors After Chemotherapy or Surgery for Testicular Nonseminoma: A Population-Based Study

Solid Tumors After Chemotherapy or Surgery for Testicular Nonseminoma: A Population-Based Study

Anthropometric Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk by Histological Subtype: Pooled Analysis of 22 Prospective Studies

Obesity and thyroid cancer

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