Associations Between Caffeine Consumption, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: A Systematic Review

Chen, J. Q.Alida; Scheltens, Philip; Groot, Colin; Ossenkoppele, Rik

doi:10.3233/jad-201069

Cited by 47 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…One previous study showed that the consumption of green tea prevents oxidative stress, but may not signi cantly affect cognitive function in older adults [49], and another showed that green tea, but not coffee, reduces the risk of cognitive decline in older adults [50]. It has also been reported that caffeine consumption, and especially the moderate quantities consumed in coffee or green tea, reduces the risk of dementia [10], probably because caffeine affects neural and vascular activity, including vasoconstriction and cerebral blood ow [10]. In the present study, there was no signi cant association between green tea consumption and dementia, but greater intake of coffee tended to be associated with lower concentrations of microbial metabolites that are associated with dementia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original index (JDI 9 ) comprises nine components that de ne the traditional Japanese dietary pattern [8], but a modi ed index, the JDI 12 , has been established by the addition of three further components to the JDI 9 [9]. However, recent studies have suggested that the inclusion of one component that is excluded from both the JDI 9 and JDI 12 may have a positive effect on cognitive function [10]. Therefore, the use of these different versions of the JDI should be compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between the Japanese-style diet, gut microbiota, and dementia: a cross-sectional study

Saji

Tsuduki

Murotani

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Previous studies have shown associations between the gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and cognitive decline. However, the effect of the dietary composition on such associations has not been fully investigated. Methods We performed a cross-sectional sub-analysis of data from our prospective hospital-based cohort study (the Gimlet study) to evaluate the relationships between dietary composition, cognitive decline, and the gut microbiota. All the participants of the Gimlet study had been provided with information regarding this sub-study in 2018. Patients were excluded if they were unable to provide sufficient data in the questionnaire regarding their dietary composition. We assessed their demographics, dietary composition, risk factors, cognitive function, results of brain imaging, gut microbiome, and microbial metabolites. On the basis of previous studies, a nine-component traditional Japanese diet index (JDI9), a 12-component modern JDI (JDI12), and a 12-component revised JDI (rJDI12), were defined. Higher JDI scores indicated greater conformity to the traditional Japanese diet. We then evaluated the relationships between the JDI scores, cognitive function, and the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results We analyzed data from 85 eligible patients (61% women; mean age: 74.6 ± 7.4 years; mean Mini-Mental State Examination score: 24 ± 5). Compared with participants with dementia, those without dementia were more likely to consume foods in the JDI12, including fish and shellfish (64.5% vs. 39.1%, P = 0.048), mushrooms (61.3% vs. 30.4%, P = 0.015), soybeans and soybean-derived foods (62.9% vs. 30.4%, P = 0.013), and coffee (71.0% vs. 43.5%, P = 0.024). There were non-significant trends towards lower fecal concentrations of gut microbial metabolites in participants with a more traditional Japanese diet. Participants with dementia had lower JDI9, JDI12, and rJDI12 scores than participants without dementia (dementia vs. non-dementia, median JDI9 score: 5 vs. 7, P = 0.049; JDI12: 7 vs. 8, P = 0.017; and rJDI12: 7 vs. 9, P = 0.006, respectively). Conclusions Adherence to a traditional Japanese diet was found to be inversely associated with cognitive decline and tended to be associated with lower concentrations of gut microbial metabolites. Trial registration: UMIN000031851.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the Japanese-style diet, gut microbiota, and dementia: a cross-sectional study

Saji

Tsuduki

Murotani

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In epidemiological studies, data on the protective effects of caffeine on cognitive decline and dementia have been mixed. A meta-analysis of eight prospective studies found no significant association between the amount of caffeine intake and AD risk (55), whereas another systematic review reported a positive association between caffeine intake and the risk of dementia/cognitive decline (56). A more recent meta-analysis found that mild coffee consumption is linked to a reduced risk of cognitive deficits (57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Glycerolipid and Fatty Acid Metabolic Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease Identified by Urinary Metabolic Profiling: A Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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An easily accessible and non-invasive biomarker for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is needed. Evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunction underlies the pathophysiology of AD. While urine is a non-invasively collectable biofluid and a good source for metabolomics analysis, it is not yet widely used for this purpose. This small-scale pilot study aimed to examine whether the metabolic profile of urine from AD patients reflects the metabolic dysfunction reported to underlie AD pathology, and to identify metabolites that could distinguish AD patients from cognitively healthy controls. Spot urine of 18 AD patients (AD group) and 18 age- and sex-matched, cognitively normal controls (control group) were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). Capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight MS and liquid chromatography–Fourier transform MS were used to cover a larger range of molecules with ionic as well as lipid characteristics. A total of 304 ionic molecules and 81 lipid compounds of 12 lipid classes were identified. Of these, 26 molecules showed significantly different relative concentrations between the AD and control groups (Wilcoxon's rank-sum test). Moreover, orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis revealed significant discrimination between the two groups. Pathway searches using the KEGG database, and pathway enrichment and topology analysis using Metaboanalyst software, suggested alterations in molecules relevant to pathways of glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism, thermogenesis, and caffeine metabolism in AD patients. Further studies of urinary metabolites will contribute to the early detection of AD and understanding of its pathogenesis.

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“…Some of its desired effects in particular include increased concentration, wakefulness, and faster reaction times. Long-term effects of moderate regular doses of caffeine may even reduce the risk of dementia and cognitive decline [ 36 ]. These effects are often sought for by individuals in physically and mentally demanding careers.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulant Usage by Medical Students for Cognitive Enhancement: A Systematic Review

Plumber¹,

Majeed²,

Ziff³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Stimulants have been used throughout human history for a variety of reasons. High levels of stress and the demanding nature of medical school make their usage among medical students particularly common. The most prevalent stimulant used by students is coffee, followed by tea and other forms of caffeine like sugary energy drinks. In addition, amphetamine-based medications for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been increasing in popularity, which many students take illicitly. Students report taking various forms of stimulants to promote cognitive enhancement, prolong wakefulness and retain focus for long periods of time. Moderate doses of caffeine and amphetamines would lead to enhanced alertness and concentration. However, large increases in dosage or frequency would lead to an increased risk of toxicity and adverse effects. The positive outcomes from stimulant consumption are often overshadowed by the negative side effects and incorrect dosage. Thus, it appears that usage of stimulants should be limited, in favor of a more sustainable approach to cognitive enhancement. This review analyzes the use of stimulants among the medical student community, consequences of misuse and discussed the healthy and organic approaches to lessen the stress and improve academic performance. This article also discusses the mechanisms of action, acceptable doses, additives, ingredients of stimulants commonly used by medical students for cognitive enhancement and the implications of long-term use as the stress of practicing medicine extends well beyond the medical school years.

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Associations Between Caffeine Consumption, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: A Systematic Review

Cited by 47 publications

References 102 publications

Relationship between the Japanese-style diet, gut microbiota, and dementia: a cross-sectional study

Relationship between the Japanese-style diet, gut microbiota, and dementia: a cross-sectional study

Alterations in Glycerolipid and Fatty Acid Metabolic Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease Identified by Urinary Metabolic Profiling: A Pilot Study

Stimulant Usage by Medical Students for Cognitive Enhancement: A Systematic Review

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