Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with obesity

Johansson, Lennarth; Putri, Resthie R.; Danielsson, Pernilla; Hagströmer, María; Marcus, Claude

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34374-7

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For the CRF, the risk zones were determined based on the quartiles presented below, which have also been used in prior research [38,53]: Low-risk zone > 50th percentile High-risk zone = 50th-25th percentile Very-high-risk zone < 25th percentile A composite score was developed to assess cardiovascular health risk by combining four anthropometric markers (BMI, WC, WHtR, and BSA) with one of two cardiovascular risk factor markers: VO 2 peak or FMAP. The selected markers represent three distinct risk factors: overall obesity (BMI and BSA), central obesity (WC and WHtR), and low CRF (VO 2 peak and FMAP).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Underlying Association between Anthropometric and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Markers among Overweight and Obese Adolescents in Canada

Leone,

Bui,

Kalinova

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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Background: Adolescents who experience overweight or obesity commonly persist in these conditions into adulthood, thereby elevating their vulnerability to health issues. The focus of this study is on health risk markers such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body surface area (BSA), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The objectives include updating normative values for BMI, WC, WHtR, and BSA in Canadian adolescents, establishing cardiometabolic risk zones, and developing a composite score considering both anthropometric and CRF markers. Methods: Involving 1864 adolescents, the study used the LMS method to generate percentile norms, stratified by age and sex. Cardiometabolic risk zones were established for each marker based on Z-scores, and a composite score was created. Results: An increase in WC of 5.8 and 7.4 cm for boys and girls, respectively, was observed since 1981. Forward multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess the robustness and validity of the proposed model. The results indicated that the model explained nearly 90% (R2 = 0.890) of the common variance between the composite score and the retained independent variables. Moreover, the model demonstrated a mean absolute error (MAE) of approximately 6 percentiles, confirming its high precision. Furthermore, these analyses yielded key thresholds for identifying adolescents at risk: the 70th percentile for high cardiometabolic risk and the 85th percentile for very-high risk. Conclusions: Individually, WC or WHtR seem to be better markers for evaluating cardiometabolic risk than BMI during adolescence. However, CRF showed comparable importance to anthropometric markers in determining cardiometabolic risk. The simultaneous inclusion of anthropometric and CRF markers provides a better picture of the global cardiometabolic risk in adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Underlying Association between Anthropometric and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Markers among Overweight and Obese Adolescents in Canada

Leone,

Bui,

Kalinova

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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“…The current recommendation for physical activity in childhood and adolescence is 60 minutes or more of moderate physical activity daily, five or more days a week. However, intervention studies carried out in large urban centers demonstrate that more than 50% of children and adolescents do not meet current physical activity recommendations [10,11]. The reduction in energy expenditure (physical inactivity) in children and adolescents is the most important determinant of overweight and obesity, and it is not difficult to verify this variable in the lifestyle among children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of physical activity in obese children and adolescents and serum interleukin-10 levels: A protocol for systematic review

Pascoal,

de Souza Mendes,

Rodrigues Lima

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BackgroundObesity is a global health problem that affects millions of people around the world, especially children and adolescents. The main causes of obesity are a sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, and lack of reduction in the level of physical activity with negative consequences for physical and mental health, such as increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Therefore, we will carry out a perform a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity in obese children and adolescents and serum interleukin-10 levels.MethodsThis protocol is based on recommendations from the Cochrane Collaboration on the steps of a systematic review. A literature search will be performed on the following database: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, LILACS (VHL), and Google Scholar. According to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the level of evidence for results, we will assess the quality of the included studies by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method. The Review Manager (v5.3) software will be applied to statistical analysis.ResultsFrom the study, we will evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity in obese children and adolescents and serum IL-10 levels correlated with age, ethnicity, sex, and body mass index (BMI).PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022355721Strengths and limitations of this studyThis article emphasizes the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of physical activity in obese children and adolescents and provides methodological guidance for evaluating clinical evidence. This study 1)provides a research protocol, 2) facilitates reasonable assessment of physical activity in obese children and adolescents and serum IL-10 levels 3) increases the potential importance of recommending physical activity in obese children and adolescents to improve serum levels of IL-10, which in turn has an immunoprotective effect. The lack of reports of these effects may be limited by the small sample size.

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“…Cardiorespiratory tness (CRF) evaluation serves as a signi cant indicator of children's health, thus promoting the evaluation of CRF is advisable during childhood and adolescence since it is associated with future cardiometabolic risk (CMR) [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Factors and its Association with Cardiometabolic Profile in Schoolchildren

Mansour,

Tornquist,

Pfeiffer

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Developmental origins of health and disease suggests a link between the periconceptual, fetal, and early infant phases of life and the persistent development of metabolic disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the associations between perinatal variables and cardiometabolic profile in school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS Retrospective study that used cross-sectional data from a database of a larger study named “Schoolchildren’s health”. The study was carried out using a sample comprising children and adolescents, ranging from 6 to 17 years old from both genders. All participants were enrolled in private and public schools in the city of Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire was applied to children and parents, then anthropometric measurements of body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%) and waist circumference (WC) were obtained followed by a cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) test. The association of perinatal variables with BMI, WC, BF%, and CRF was tested by multiple linear regression, using the “Enter” input method, being the unstandardized coefficient (B) and 95% confidence intervals of the associations were estimated. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical significance was established as p < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 1.431 children and adolescents were evaluated, with 803 (56.1%) of them being females and white subjects (83%) with mean age of 11.48 ± 2.75 years. Associations between perinatal factors and anthropometric measurements were found birth weight (BW) and BMI (B:1.13; 95%CI:0.74;1.51), BW and WC (B:2.20; 95%CI:1.37;3.04), BW and BF% (B:1.84; 95%CI:0.83;2.84). Gestational age also had associations with BMI (B:1.00; 95%CI:0.25;1.74); WC (B:1.88; 95%CI:0.25;3.50) and CRF (B:-168.91; 95%CI:-299.53;-38.29). Complications during pregnancy and BMI (B:0.48; 95%CI:0.02;0.93) and cesarean birth and BMI (B:0.43; 95%CI:0.01;0.86). CONCLUSIONS Associations exist between perinatal factors and future cardiometabolic profile. It is imperative to establish and reinforce efforts geared towards enhancing the health literacy of both adolescent boys and girls, along with pregnant women.

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Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with obesity

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Investigation of Underlying Association between Anthropometric and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Markers among Overweight and Obese Adolescents in Canada

Investigation of Underlying Association between Anthropometric and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Markers among Overweight and Obese Adolescents in Canada

Effectiveness of physical activity in obese children and adolescents and serum interleukin-10 levels: A protocol for systematic review

Perinatal Factors and its Association with Cardiometabolic Profile in Schoolchildren

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