Associations between Dietary Patterns and Blood Pressure in a Clinical Sample of Overweight Adults

Ndanuko, Rhoda; Tapsell, Linda C.; Charlton, Karen E; Neale, Elizabeth P.; Batterham, Marijka

doi:10.1016/j.jand.2016.07.019

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Our present results were in line with those of previous studies that investigated the association between Japanese dietary patterns and urinary Na and K concentration, in which the patterns with high loadings for fish and vegetables were positively associated with high urinary K concentration (10). Furthermore results of the current study provide more evidence on previous studies reporting significant inverse association between "nuts, seeds, fruits and fish" dietary pattern and urinary Na/K ratio (11).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Urinary sodium to potassium ratio: A simple and useful indicator of diet quality in population-based studies

Mirmiran

Gaeini

Bahadoran

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Urinary sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are related to dietary intakes of Na and K, and well-known risk factors of hypertension and cardiovascular events. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between urinary Na/K ratio and different dietary patterns. Methods we recruited 1864 adult men and women (aged 18-93 years), participated in the sixth examination of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Fasting spot urine samples were collected and concentrations of Na and K were determined. The principle component analysis (PCA) was conducted to drive major dietary patterns among population. Mediterranean dietary pattern score, as well as DASH score, were calculated. Linear regression models adjusted for potential confounding variables were used to assess associations between dietary patterns scores and urinary Na/K ratio. Results Mean age of participants was 43.7±13.9 years, and 47% were men. Mean urinary Na and K concentrations were 139±41.0 and 57.9±18.6 mmol/L, respectively. Mean urinary Na/K was 2.40±0.07. A significant positive association was found between Western dietary pattern and urinary Na/K ratio (β=0.06; 95% CI= 0.01, 0.16). Traditional dietary pattern derived from usual dietary intakes of Iranian adults, as well as Mediterranean and DASH dietary pattern scores were inversely associated to urinary Na/K ratio (β= –0.14; 95% CI= –0.24, –0.11, β=–0.07; 95% CI= –0.09, –0.01, β=–0.12; 95% CI= –0.05, –0.02, respectively). Conclusions Urinary Na/K ratio may suggest as a simple, inexpensive and helpful method to monitor and improve diet quality in population-based studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Urinary sodium to potassium ratio: A simple and useful indicator of diet quality in population-based studies

Mirmiran

Gaeini

Bahadoran

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Several studies have suggested that walnuts in the diet can reduce the risk of heart disease by improving various cardiometabolic risk factors [44,49,50]. A walnut-enriched diet can decrease total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and reduce blood pressure, inflammation, and plaque formation [49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Due to evidence in support of the benefits of walnuts related to cardiovascular health, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the following health claim for walnuts in 2004: "Supportive but not conclusive research shows that eating 1.5 ounces of walnuts per day, as part of a low saturated fat and low cholesterol diet, and not resulting in increased caloric intake may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.…”

Section: Walnuts and Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Walnuts on Cognition and Brain Health

Chauhan

2020

Nutrients

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Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have important roles in the aging process, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and other brain disorders. Amyloid beta protein (Aβ) is the main component of amyloid plaques in the brains of people with AD. Several studies suggest that Aβ increases the generation of free radicals in neurons, which leads to oxidative damage and cell death. Aβ can also induce neuroinflammation by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Walnuts contain several components that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Animal and human studies from our and other groups suggest that supplementation with walnuts in the diet may improve cognition and reduce the risk and/or progression of MCI and AD. In the transgenic AD mouse model (AD-tg), we have reported the beneficial effects of a diet with walnuts on memory, learning, motor coordination, anxiety, and locomotor activity. Human clinical trials have also suggested an association of walnut consumption with better cognitive performance and improvement in memory when compared to baseline in adults. Our recent study in AD-tg mice has shown that a walnut-enriched diet significantly improves antioxidant defense and decreases free radicals’ levels, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation when compared to a control diet without walnuts. These findings suggest that a diet with walnuts can reduce oxidative stress by decreasing the generation of free radicals and by boosting antioxidant defense, thus resulting in decreased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. An in vitro study with synthetic Aβ showed that walnut extract can inhibit Aβ fibrillization and solubilize the preformed Aβ fibrils, suggesting an anti-amyloidogenic property of walnuts. Because it takes many years for cognitive impairment and dementia to develop, we suggest that early and long-term dietary supplementation with walnuts may help to maintain cognitive functions and may reduce the risk of developing, or delay the onset and/or slow the progression of, MCI and dementia by decreasing Aβ fibrillization, reducing oxidative damage, increasing antioxidant defense, and decreasing neuroinflammation. Furthermore, several animal and human studies have suggested that walnuts may also decrease the risk or progression of other brain disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and depression, as well as of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Together, these reports suggest the benefits of a walnut-enriched diet in brain disorders and in other chronic diseases, due to the additive or synergistic effects of walnut components for protection against oxidative stress and inflammation in these diseases.

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“…Dietary patterns high in fruit, vegetables, wholegrain cereals, legumes, nuts, seeds, and fish reduce systolic BP by 4.26 mm Hg and diastolic BP by 2.38 mm Hg. 7 This exceeds the benefits of the salt substitutes quoted.…”

Section: E T T E R T O T H E E D I T O Rmentioning

confidence: 93%

Letter to the editor on “Potential use of salt substitutes to reduce blood pressure”

Lambert

Conley

Dumont³

et al. 2019

J of Clinical Hypertension

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Associations between Dietary Patterns and Blood Pressure in a Clinical Sample of Overweight Adults

Cited by 18 publications

References 60 publications

Urinary sodium to potassium ratio: A simple and useful indicator of diet quality in population-based studies

Urinary sodium to potassium ratio: A simple and useful indicator of diet quality in population-based studies

Beneficial Effects of Walnuts on Cognition and Brain Health

Letter to the editor on “Potential use of salt substitutes to reduce blood pressure”

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