Associations between Emotional Distress, Sleep Changes, Decreased Tooth Brushing Frequency, Self-Reported Oral Ulcers and SARS-Cov-2 Infection during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey

Foláyan, Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn; Zúñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño; Ezechi, Oliver; Brown, Brandon; Nguyen, Annie; Aly, Nourhan M.; Ellakany, Passent; Idigbe, Ifeoma; Khan, Abeedha Tu-Allah; Lawal, Folake Barakat; Jafer, Mohammed; Gaffar, Balgis; Popoola, Bamidele Olubukola; Quadri, Mir Faeq Ali; Virtanen, Jorma I.; Lusher, Joanne; Tantawi, Maha El

doi:10.3390/ijerph191811550

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Some studies have concluded that poor toothbrushing may increase the risk of COVID-19 . Second, COVID-19–associated psychological distress may change oral health–related behaviors . Psychological distress caused by depression, loneliness, and suicidal ideation is known to be associated with a lower frequency of toothbrushing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 27 , 28 Second, COVID-19–associated psychological distress may change oral health–related behaviors. 11 , 29 Psychological distress caused by depression, 30 loneliness, and suicidal ideation 31 is known to be associated with a lower frequency of toothbrushing. Because social isolation increased during the pandemic lockdown, emotional distress increased, which may have negatively affected toothbrushing frequency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies examined the association of the pandemic with hand or oral hygiene, and these studies were conducted in Nigeria, 10 , 11 Denmark, 8 and France. 9 These studies showed conflicting results and a weak level of evidence because they were limited by small sample sizes, specific socioeconomic status, inappropriate statistical models, or short trends.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study reported that the oral cavity may be a potential site for SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. Therefore, a few studies have explored the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with hand and oral hygiene (handwashing: Denmark [n = 72] and France [modeling study]; toothbrushing: Nigeria [n = 996] and multiple countries [n = 14 970]) . These studies showed conflicting results and weak levels of evidence due to the limited small sample sizes, broad age ranges, restricted socioeconomic status, and short observation periods (mostly up to 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hand and Oral Hygiene Practices of South Korean Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Oh,

Lee,

Lee

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceOnly a few studies have examined the long-term trends of hand and oral hygiene, especially among adolescents.ObjectiveTo investigate the 15-year trends in frequency of handwashing and toothbrushing and examine the factors associated with hand and oral hygiene, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study, performed from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2022, used general population–based data from 963 644 individuals in a national representative survey (Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey [KYRBS]).ExposureCOVID-19 pandemic.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTrends in hand and oral hygiene practices were measured by how frequently adolescents washed their hands and whether they fulfilled the recommended guidelines for toothbrushing. An interrupted time series analysis using linear and logistic regression models was performed to assess any associations with the COVID-19 pandemic. Hand and oral hygiene behaviors before and during the pandemic in each sociodemographic subgroup were also compared.ResultsIn the 963 644 adolescents (495 697 [51.4%] male; mean [range] age, 15.01 [12-18] years) who participated in the KYRBS from 2008 to 2022, a 73.3% (95% CI, 59.4%-97.4%; P &lt; .001) immediate increase was seen in overall hand hygiene behavior at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the prepandemic period, with a sustained decrease thereafter (β = −0.018; 95% CI, −0.022 to −0.015; P &lt; .001). Meanwhile, no immediate increase was observed in terms of overall oral hygiene behavior (0.1%; 95% CI, −0.9% to 1.1%; P = .82); however, there was a sustained decrease during the pandemic (β = −0.018; 95% CI, −0.020 to −0.016; P &lt; .001). Older age, female sex, nonsmoking status, alcohol use, low household economic level, and poor school performance were significantly associated with poor hand hygiene during the pandemic.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of South Korean adolescents, an increase in the prevalence of hand hygiene was observed during the early pandemic; however, this prevalence decreased over time. Meanwhile, the decrease in the prevalence of oral hygiene was more pronounced during the pandemic. This study recommends stronger guidelines for adolescent health coaches, such as teachers or public health advisers, regarding hygiene behaviors, even after the COVID-19 pandemic ends.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hand and Oral Hygiene Practices of South Korean Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Oh,

Lee,

Lee

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Self-report questionnaires have acceptable validity and can be used for epidemiological studies regarding the surveillance of PD because they are less demanding in terms of cost and time and can be supplemental in the evaluation of the association between PD and other conditions [41][42][43][44]. The choice to apply a self-report questionnaire to communicate the periodontal conditions of a population makes sense within public health settings when the conditions for a clinical evaluation, such as periodontal probing, is not possible, as happened in the COVID-19 pandemic emergency [45][46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the Social Development Index and Self-Reported Periodontal Conditions

et al. 2023

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Inequalities in oral health are influenced by the social strata of the population. Few studies have focused on the multitude of factors related to social development as indicators of living conditions and periodontal health status. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between self-reported periodontal conditions and the Social Development Index (SDI). A cross-sectional validated questionnaire was carried out among 1294 Mexican adults. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the best predictors of self-reported periodontal conditions. Bone loss reporting was used as a proxy for the presence of periodontal disease. We found that higher global scores on the SDI and quality and available space in the home (QASH) increase the probability of having bone loss. Global SDI (OR = 7.27) and higher QASH (OR = 3.66) were indeed the leading societal factors related to periodontal disease. These results have pointed out how SDI and its indicators, in particular QASH, can be used to further explore inequities related to privileged access to dental care in the context of periodontal diseases.

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Risk indicators for oral ulcers among people living with HIV during the first wave of the pandemic: a cross sectional study

Folayan,

Zuñiga,

Virtanen

et al. 2023

BMC Oral Health

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Background Little is currently known about HIV-related parameters that may increase the risk for oral ulcers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to overcome this gap in research by assessing the associations between HIV viral load, antiretroviral adherence profile, co-morbidity status, SARS-CoV-2 infection and oral ulcers among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods This was a secondary analysis of data generated from 21,206 to 18 years and above, recruited from 152 countries through an online survey between July and December 2020. Data were extracted for 874 people who reported living with HIV. The dependent variable was reporting having oral ulcer. The independent variables were the viral load, adherence to antiretroviral treatment and a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The confounding variables were age at last birthday and sex at birth. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables after adjusting for the confounding variables. Results Of the 874 participants, 99 (11.3%) reported having oral ulcers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The odds of PLHIV having oral ulcers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly higher for people who did not know their viral load than those who had undetectable viral load (AOR: 2.036; 95% CI: 1.204–3.443; p = 0.008); and people who did not adhere to the use of antiretroviral treatment than those who adhered (AOR: 4.113; 95% CI: 2.567–6.589; p < 0.001). Also, PLHIV who had SARS-CoV-2 infection had significantly higher odds of having oral ulcers than those who did not have the infection (AOR: 14.556; 95% CI: 4.500-47.078; p < 0.001). PLHIV who had co-morbidities had non-significantly higher odds of having oral ulcers than those without co-morbidities (AOR: 1.170; 95% CI: 0.656–2.085; p = 0.595). Conclusion Oral ulcers may be an indicator of poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy and unsuppressed viral load among PLHIV. It may also be an indicator of SARS-CoV-2 infection and a signal to take prompt and critical care of affected individuals because of the risk for severe COVID-19 for these individuals.

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Associations between Emotional Distress, Sleep Changes, Decreased Tooth Brushing Frequency, Self-Reported Oral Ulcers and SARS-Cov-2 Infection during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey

Cited by 8 publications

References 75 publications

Hand and Oral Hygiene Practices of South Korean Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hand and Oral Hygiene Practices of South Korean Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Relationship between the Social Development Index and Self-Reported Periodontal Conditions

Risk indicators for oral ulcers among people living with HIV during the first wave of the pandemic: a cross sectional study

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