Associations Between Food Restriction and Pressure-to-Eat Parenting Practices and Dietary Intake in Children: a Selective Review of the Recent Literature

Loth, Katie A.

doi:10.1007/s13668-016-0154-x

Cited by 49 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This was true across multiple food categories, including snack foods, and the majority of associations were maintained even when adjusted for other variables that could independently affect the independent and dependent variables, namely child age, child sex, child BMI z‐score, parent age and parent education. The relationship we saw between higher pressure and lower intake of snack foods was in opposition to previous work suggesting an association between controlling practices including pressure to eat and greater intake of unhealthy foods, 11 and may be because this previous work has largely relied on parent reports of child intake, 30,47 which may produce global overestimates of intake. In contrast, the relationship we observed between CFQ‐Pressure to eat and fruit and vegetable intake is more consistent with previous work, which suggests that although parent pressure may have the immediate effect of increasing intake in a contemporaneous meal, it is associated with lower habitual intake of healthy foods measured via dietary assessments 10,11,31,48‐50 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a recent review concluded that, while cross‐sectional results have been inconsistent, results from longitudinal and school‐ or laboratory‐based studies converge to suggest that, in general, children exposed to more Pressure to eat or Restriction are more likely to consume unhealthy foods (i.e. sugar‐sweetened beverages, palatable snack foods, calorie‐dense food items) than children exposed to lower levels of food control 11 . Studies investigating the relationship of less controlling forms of promotion and limitation of eating —e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlling and less controlling feeding practices are differentially associated with child food intake and appetitive behaviors assessed in a school environment

et al. 2020

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Background: Child food intake and appetitive behaviors show an inconsistent pattern of associations with parental feeding practices. Relationships likely vary depending on parent feeding style, and on the method by which child eating behaviors are measured. Objectives: We tested relationships of controlling and less controlling forms of parental promotion and limitation of eating with food intake and appetitive behaviors assessed in preschoolers' normal school environments. Methods: As part of a 5-day protocol, preschoolers consumed standardized lunches, and caloric compensation, eating rate and eating in the absence of hunger were assessed. Feeding practices were measured using the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) and Parent Feeding Styles Questionnaire (PFSQ). CFQ-Pressure to eat and CFQ-Restriction were controlling forms of promotion/limitation of child intake, and CFQ-Monitoring and PFSQ-Prompting to eat were less controlling forms. Results: Children (3-5y, n = 70) of parents with higher CFQ-Pressure to eat scores showed lower total intake, consuming significantly fewer calories from bread, snacks and fruits and vegetables. Higher PFSQ-Prompting to eat was associated with lower fruit and vegetable intake only. CFQ-Restriction and CFQ-Monitoring scores were unassociated with food intake. Higher CFQ-Pressure to eat was associated with slower eating rate, while higher CFQ-Monitoring was associated with lower intake in absence of hunger. Conclusions: Parental promotion and limitation of intake were associated with preschoolers' eating behaviors assessed in an ecologically valid setting, without parents present. Controlling and less controlling forms showed differential patterns of associations. Results were consistent with child-to-parent and parent-to-child effects, but research using longitudinal designs is needed to test bidirectional relationships.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling and less controlling feeding practices are differentially associated with child food intake and appetitive behaviors assessed in a school environment

et al. 2020

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“…1 However, parents frequently use CFP for feeding children. 2,[4][5][6][7][8]12 Therefore, providers must work with parents to improve their feeding practices at home. This need for communication regarding children's nutrition between childcare providers and parents is recognized by the Head Start Performance Standards 19 and also the Academy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Great Job Cleaning Your Plate Today!” Determinants of Child-Care Providers’ Use of Controlling Feeding Practices: An Exploratory Examination

Dev

McBride

Speirs³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

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“…We are aware of one review that assessed the influence of two specific food parenting practices (e.g. parental pressure to eat and restriction) on children’s dietary intake [ 22 ], but this review did not include a range of parenting behaviors and did not focus specifically on snacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food parenting and child snacking: a systematic review

Blaine

Kachurak

Davison

et al. 2017

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

138

105

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BackgroundWhile the role of parenting in children’s eating behaviors has been studied extensively, less attention has been given to its potential association with children’s snacking habits. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review to describe associations between food parenting and child snacking, or consuming energy dense foods/foods in between meals.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched using standardized language to identify quantitative studies describing associations of general and feeding-specific parenting styles as well as food parenting practices with snacking behaviors of children aged 2–18 years. Eligible peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1980 and 2017 were included. Data were extracted using a standard protocol by three coders; all items were double coded to ensure consistency.ResultsForty-seven studies met inclusion criteria. Few studies focused on general feeding (n = 3) or parenting styles (n = 10). Most studies focused on controlling food parenting practices (n = 39) that were not specific to snacking. Parental restriction of food was positively associated with child snack intake in 13/23 studies, while pressure to eat and monitoring yielded inconsistent results. Home availability of unhealthy foods was positively associated with snack intake in 10/11 studies. Findings related to positive parent behaviors (e.g. role modeling) were limited and yielded mixed results (n = 9). Snacking was often assessed using food frequency items and defined post-hoc based on nutritional characteristics (e.g. energy-dense, sugary foods, unhealthy, etc.). Timing was rarely included in the definition of a snack (i.e. chips eaten between meals vs. with lunch).ConclusionsRestrictive feeding and home access to unhealthy foods were most consistently associated with snacking among young children. Research is needed to identify positive parenting behaviors around child snacking that may be used as targets for health promotion. Detailed definitions of snacking that address food type, context, and purpose are needed to advance findings within the field. We provide suggested standardized terminology for future research.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-017-0593-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Associations Between Food Restriction and Pressure-to-Eat Parenting Practices and Dietary Intake in Children: a Selective Review of the Recent Literature

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

Controlling and less controlling feeding practices are differentially associated with child food intake and appetitive behaviors assessed in a school environment

Controlling and less controlling feeding practices are differentially associated with child food intake and appetitive behaviors assessed in a school environment

“Great Job Cleaning Your Plate Today!” Determinants of Child-Care Providers’ Use of Controlling Feeding Practices: An Exploratory Examination

Food parenting and child snacking: a systematic review

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