Associations between handgrip strength and hypertension in relation to circulating CD34-positive cell levels among Japanese older men: a cross-sectional study
Abstract:Background
A positive association between handgrip strength and blood pressure has been reported. Since these factors are linked to the condition of the endothelium, the activity of endothelial repair might influence the association between handgrip strength and hypertension.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 257 Japanese men aged 60–69 years who underwent an annual health checkup. As individuals with high level of circulating CD34… Show more
“…Those findings seem paradoxical. However, our previous study revealed that the positive association between handgrip strength and hypertension was limited to participants with high circulating CD34-positive cell count 32 , which could explain this paradoxical phenomenon. CD34-positive cells play an important role in vascular repair 1 – 6 and maintenance of the microcirculation 12 , 13 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 87%
“…Since hypertension has a common etiology with structural atherosclerosis 28 , 29 , circulating CD34-positive cell count could influence the association between handgrip strength and hypertension. Figure 6 Associations between handgrip strength levels and hypertension 32 . T1: The lowest tertile level.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We conducted a cross-sectional study of 257 Japanese men aged 60–69 years with available data on handgrip strength 32 . Independent of known cardiovascular risk factors, handgrip strength was significantly positively associated with hypertension only among participants with high circulating CD34-positive cell count (at or above the median).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is the reason why a positive association between handgrip strength and hypertension was only observed in participants with high circulating CD34-positive cell count (at or above the median) (Fig. 6 ) 32 .…”
Development of structural atherosclerosis, an established cardiovascular risk factor, requires hematopoietic stem cells known as CD34-positive cells. However, an inverse association between circulating CD34-positive cell count and cardiovascular disease has been reported. These studies evoke a contradiction: characteristics associated with a low risk of developing structural atherosclerosis are also associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. To clarify the mechanisms underlying vascular remodeling, we conducted several epidemiological studies of Japanese men aged 60 to 69 years who participated in annual health check-ups. The present study summarizes those epidemiological studies and adds some discussion. From the perspective of endothelial repair activity, there are significant differences between functional versus structural atherosclerosis. Aggressive endothelial repair increases both functional and structural atherosclerosis. Deficient endothelial repair related to a shortage of CD34-positive cells due to consumption furthers functional atherosclerosis but not structural atherosclerosis. Therefore, the lack of structural atherosclerosis does not always reflect a favorable condition for the endothelium. Although further investigation is necessary, the present study suggests that higher endothelial repair activity that leads to structural atherosclerosis might have a beneficial effect on vascular health among older men.
“…Those findings seem paradoxical. However, our previous study revealed that the positive association between handgrip strength and hypertension was limited to participants with high circulating CD34-positive cell count 32 , which could explain this paradoxical phenomenon. CD34-positive cells play an important role in vascular repair 1 – 6 and maintenance of the microcirculation 12 , 13 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 87%
“…Since hypertension has a common etiology with structural atherosclerosis 28 , 29 , circulating CD34-positive cell count could influence the association between handgrip strength and hypertension. Figure 6 Associations between handgrip strength levels and hypertension 32 . T1: The lowest tertile level.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We conducted a cross-sectional study of 257 Japanese men aged 60–69 years with available data on handgrip strength 32 . Independent of known cardiovascular risk factors, handgrip strength was significantly positively associated with hypertension only among participants with high circulating CD34-positive cell count (at or above the median).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is the reason why a positive association between handgrip strength and hypertension was only observed in participants with high circulating CD34-positive cell count (at or above the median) (Fig. 6 ) 32 .…”
Development of structural atherosclerosis, an established cardiovascular risk factor, requires hematopoietic stem cells known as CD34-positive cells. However, an inverse association between circulating CD34-positive cell count and cardiovascular disease has been reported. These studies evoke a contradiction: characteristics associated with a low risk of developing structural atherosclerosis are also associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. To clarify the mechanisms underlying vascular remodeling, we conducted several epidemiological studies of Japanese men aged 60 to 69 years who participated in annual health check-ups. The present study summarizes those epidemiological studies and adds some discussion. From the perspective of endothelial repair activity, there are significant differences between functional versus structural atherosclerosis. Aggressive endothelial repair increases both functional and structural atherosclerosis. Deficient endothelial repair related to a shortage of CD34-positive cells due to consumption furthers functional atherosclerosis but not structural atherosclerosis. Therefore, the lack of structural atherosclerosis does not always reflect a favorable condition for the endothelium. Although further investigation is necessary, the present study suggests that higher endothelial repair activity that leads to structural atherosclerosis might have a beneficial effect on vascular health among older men.
“…Detailed descriptions were provided elsewhere 15 . The methods related to the present risk survey, including circulating CD34-positive cell measurement, also have been described elsewhere 16 – 18 .…”
Height loss starting in middle age is reportedly significantly associated with death due to cardiovascular disease. Impaired blood flow is the main pathology in cardiovascular disease. Hematopoietic stem cells such as CD34-positive cells play an important role in maintaining the microcirculation and preventing impaired blood flow by activating endothelial repair and angiogenesis. Therefore, circulating CD34-positive cell count could be associated with height loss. To clarify the association between circulating CD34-positive cell count and height loss, we conducted a follow-up study of 363 Japanese men aged 60–69 years over 2 years. Height loss was defined as being in the highest quartile of height decrease per year. Independent of known cardiovascular risk factors, circulating CD34-positive cell count was significantly inversely associated with height loss. The fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of height loss for circulating CD34-positive cell count (logarithmic values) was 0.49 (0.32, 0.74). This study suggests that a lower capacity to maintain the microcirculation due to a fewer CD34-positive cells might affect height loss.
Schizophrenia is thought to be the most prevalent chronic psychiatric disorder. Numerous proteins have been identified that are associated with the occurrence and development of schizophrenia. This study aimed to identify potential core genes and pathways involved in schizophrenia, through exhaustive bioinformatic and next generation sequencing (NGS) data analyses using GSE20966 NGS data of neural progenitor cells and neurons obtained from healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia. The NGS data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. NGS data was processed by the DESeq2 package in R software and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and REACTOME pathway enrichment analysis were carried out to identify potential biological functions and pathways of the DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, module, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network analysis were performed to identify the hub genes, miRNA and TFs. Potential hub genes were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in the R package (pROC). In this investigation, an overall 955 DEGs were identified: 478 genes were remarkably up regulated and 477 genes were distinctly down regulated. These genes were enriched for GO terms and pathways mainly involved in the multicellular organismal process, GPCR ligand binding, regulation of cellular process and amine ligand-binding receptors. MYC, FN1, CDKN2A, EEF1G, CAV1, ONECUT1, SYK, MAPK13, TFAP2A and BTK were considered the potential hub genes. miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network were constructed successfully. On the whole, the findings of this investigation enhance our understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia and provide potential targets for further investigation.
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