Associations Between Household Food Insecurity in Early Childhood and Children's Kindergarten Skills

Johnson, Anna D.; Markowitz, Anna J.

doi:10.1111/cdev.12764

Cited by 88 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(86 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…47,53 In addition, three longitudinal studies showed a detrimental effect of FI on mental health markers, such as social skills, internalising and externalising behaviours and hyperactivity. 39,89,96 By contrast, another longitudinal study did not find an association between FI and the developmental change in children's behavioural problems. 93 The authors suggested that the impact of FI on children's behaviour could be episodic or could interact with developmental phases over time.…”

Section: Mental Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In total, 17 studies 19,26,39,41,47,53,54,69,73,76,89,92,93,96,99,106,108 investigated the association between FI and children's mental health outcomes. Fourteen studies adjusted their analyses for explanatory or confounding variables ( In summary, 7 out of the 14 studies that adjusted their analyses for explanatory or confounding variables found an association between FI and children's emotional or behavioural problems, 19,26,54,69,76,92,108 one found an association between FI and children's mental health symptoms, 106 and two reported an association between FI and children's mental health disorders.…”

Section: Mental Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirteen studies examined the relationship between FI and children's academic performance. 12,19,26,39,54,60,69,72,73,77,96,99,113 Eleven studies adjusted their analyses for explanatory or confounding variables ( Table 9) 12,19,26,39,54,60,69,72,77,96,113 and two did not (see Appendix 6). 73,99 The outcomes more often assessed were reading and maths scores, school attendance and cognitive development.…”

Section: Academic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study assessed parent-reported outcomes. 54 In summary, 5 out of the 11 studies that reported adjusted results showed some detrimental effects of FI on children's academic outcomes, such as lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores, 19 lower reading or maths scores, 96 lower school attendance 54,60 and dropping out of high school more frequently. 77 Three studies found no effects of FI on academic outcomes.…”

Section: Academic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Child food insecurity in the UK: a rapid review

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundFood insecurity (FI) is a multifaceted, socioeconomic problem involving difficulties accessing sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet people’s dietary requirements and preferences for a healthy life. For children experiencing FI, there are some potentially negative developmental consequences and it is, therefore, important to understand the links between FI and children’s health and well-being as well as any strategies undertaken to address FI. The overall objective of this assessment was to determine the nature, extent and consequences of FI affecting children (aged ≤ 18 years) in the UK.ObjectiveTo determine the nature, extent and consequences of FI affecting children (aged ≤ 18 years) in the UK.Data sourcesThe databases searched on 4 December 2017 included MEDLINE (including In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and E-pub ahead of print files), EMBASE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux (CAB) abstracts, The Cochrane Library, Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), PsycINFO, the Social Science Citation Index and the Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA).MethodsA rapid review of the current published and unpublished literature was conducted, including all study designs from specified high-income countries in children aged ≤ 18 years. Searches were conducted of major health-care, nutrition, education and social science databases from 1995 onwards, and websites of relevant UK and international organisations. Final searches were undertaken in December 2017.ResultsIn total, 109 studies were selected. Only five studies were conducted in the UK, four of which provided qualitative data. Possible factors associated with child FI were identified, for example socioeconomic status, material deprivation, living in public housing and having unemployed or poorly educated parents. Children’s health, well-being and academic outcomes were all negatively affected by FI. The mediating effects of family stressors and parenting practices in the relationship between FI and children’s health and well-being outcomes were not clear. Food assistance programmes were generally effective in mitigating FI and improving nutritional outcomes (including hunger) in the short term, but did not eradicate FI, eliminate its effects on children’s health or have an impact on academic outcomes. No reports assessing the prevalence of child FI in the UK or the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of interventions to tackle FI were identified.LimitationsThere was a lack of consistency in how FI was defined and measured across studies. Most of the studies used indirect measurements of child FI through parental reports. The majority of studies were conducted in North America. Only five studies were conducted in the UK. Thirty potentially relevant studies were not included in the review as a result of time and resource constraints. Most studies were observational and caution is advised in interpreting their results.ConclusionsA number of factors that were related to child FI were identified, as were negative associations between child FI and physical, mental and social outcomes. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution because of the correlational nature of the analyses and the fact that it is difficult to determine if some factors are predictors or consequences of FI.Future researchThere is an urgent requirement for the development of a reliable instrument to measure and monitor child FI in the UK and for well-designed interventions or programmes to tackle child FI.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42017084818.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme. The Health Services Research Unit is core-funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates.

show abstract

Section: Mental Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Mental Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Academic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Academic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Child food insecurity in the UK: a rapid review

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Food insecurity increases a child’s risk for asthma, with increased odds in Hispanic children compared to non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks, (Mangini, Hayward, Dong, & Forman, 2015); iron deficiency anemias (Eicher-Miller, Mason, Weaver, Mccabe, & Boushey, 2009); developmental issues in infants and toddlers, (Rose-Jacobs et al, 2008); growth stunting, (Bernal, Frongillo, Herrera, & Rivera, 2014); poor social, emotional, and cognitive skills needed for the Kindergarten year (Johnson & Markowitz, 2017); and absenteeism from school (Bernal et al, 2014). …”

Section: Three Exemplars Of Child Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Poverty, Toxic Stress, and Social Determinants of Health: Screening and Care Coordination

Francis¹,

DePriest

Wilson

et al. 2018

Online J Issues Nurs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social determinants of health (SDOH) refer to the social, economic, and physical conditions in which people live that may affect their health. Poverty, which affects nearly 15 million children in the United States, has far-reaching effects on children’s physical and mental health. Although it is difficult to change a family’s economic circumstances, nurses can play a critical role to address SDOH through screening and effective coordination of care. As nurses, our role is to minimize the effects of SDOH, including poverty, on child health and well-being through our practice, research, and professional education. We present three exemplars of child poverty to demonstrate the impact on child health and well-being and propose a model of care for nurses to assess and address SDOH in the pediatric clinical setting.

show abstract

Early Correlates of School Readiness Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Linking Health and School Data

Copeland,

Porter,

Gorecki

et al. 2024

JAMA Pediatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceMany known correlates of kindergarten readiness are captured in developmental and social screenings in primary care; little is known about how primary care data predicts school readiness.ObjectiveTo identify early Kindergarten Readiness Assessment (KRA) correlates by linking electronic health record (EHR) data with school district KRA data and to examine potential outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic using KRA scores between 2018 and 2021.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective cohort study linking a large primary care practice (PCP) with school assessment data. Linkage used patient name, date of birth, and address. The setting was an urban school district and PCP affiliated with an academic medical center. Students had a KRA score from fall of 2018, 2019, or 2021 (no 2020 KRA due to the COVID-19 pandemic) and at least 1 prior well-child visit at the PCP.ExposuresExposures included year KRA administered, reported child race and ethnicity, child sex, interpreter for medical visits, child ever failed Ages &amp; Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) 18 to 54 months, ever rarely read to, Medicaid status, food insecurity, housing insecurity, problems with benefits, and caregiver depressive symptoms.Main Outcomes and MeasuresKRA score (continuous), with a possible range of 0 to 300 (passing score = 270).ResultsA total of 3204 PCP patients (mean [SD] age, 67 [4] months; 1612 male [50.3%]; 2642 Black [82.5%]; 94 Hispanic [2.9%]; 244 White [7.6%]) were matched to their KRA score. Mean (SD) KRA scores were significantly lower in 2021 (mean [SD], 260.0 [13.0]; 214 of 998 [21.4%]) compared with 2019 (mean [SD], 262.7 [13.5]; 317 of 1114 [28.5%]) and 2018 (mean [SD], 263.5 [13.6]; 351 of 1092 [32.1%]), a pattern mirrored in the larger school district. In the linear regression final model (n = 2883), the following binary variables significantly lowered the child’s KRA score (points lowered [95% CI]) below a mean passing score of 270.8: child ever failed ASQ after 18 months (−6.7; 95% CI, −7.7 to −5.6), Medicaid insured (−5.7; 95% CI, −9.0 to −2.3), Hispanic ethnicity (−3.8; 95% CI, −6.9 to −0.6), requires interpreter (−3.6; 95% CI, −7.1 to −0.1), 2021 year (−3.5; 95% CI, −4.7 to −2.3), male sex (−2.7; 95% CI, −3.7 to −1.8), ever rarely read to (−1.5; 95% CI, −2.6 to −0.4), and food insecurity (−1.2; 95% CI, −2.4 to −0.1). Race, caregiver depression, housing insecurity, and problems receiving benefits were not associated with KRA scores in final model.Conclusions and RelevanceFindings of this cohort study suggest a deleterious association of the COVID-19 pandemic with early learning and development. There may be potential for PCPs and school districts to collaborate to identify and mitigate risks much earlier.

show abstract

Associations Between Household Food Insecurity in Early Childhood and Children's Kindergarten Skills

Cited by 88 publications

References 77 publications

Child food insecurity in the UK: a rapid review

Child food insecurity in the UK: a rapid review

Child Poverty, Toxic Stress, and Social Determinants of Health: Screening and Care Coordination

Early Correlates of School Readiness Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Linking Health and School Data

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About