Associations between lipid metabolism and fertility in the dairy cow

Wathes, D C; Clempson, A M; Pollott, G. E.

doi:10.1071/rd12272

Cited by 84 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…During involution, the uterus shrinks in size, re-establishes the luminal epithelium, and immune cells (primarily polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)) infiltrate the uterus to clear residual placental tissue as well as infectious microorganisms (Gilbert et al, 2011;LeBlanc, 2012;Wathes et al, 2012). Postpartum cows have a depressed immune system particularly during the 1st month after calving.…”

Section: Lucy Butler and Garverickmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms linking postpartum glucose with early embryonic and foetal development in dairy cows

Lucy

Butler

Garverick

2014

Animal

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Milk and milk solids production per cow is increasing annually in dairy systems. Peak milk production is in early lactation when the uterus and ovary are recovering from the previous pregnancy. The competing processes of milk production and restoration of reproductive function can be at odds, particularly if unique homeorhetic mechanisms that typify early lactation become imbalanced and cows experience metabolic disease. Homeorhesis leads to an increase in the synthesis of glucose that is irreversibly lost to milk lactose. Irreversible loss of glucose during lactation can invoke an endocrine and metabolic state that impinges upon postpartum uterine health, oestrous cyclicity and subsequent establishment of pregnancy. The first 30 days postpartum may be most critical in terms of the impact that metabolites and metabolic hormones have on reproduction. Depressed immune function caused in part by the postpartum metabolic profile leads to a failure in uterine involution and uterine disease. Oestrous cyclicity (interval to first ovulation and subsequent periodicity) is affected by the same hormones and metabolites that control postpartum immune function. Slower growth of the embryo or foetus perhaps explained by the unique metabolic profile during lactation may predispose cows to pregnancy loss. Understanding homeorhetic mechanisms that involve glucose and collectively affect postpartum uterine health, oestrous cyclicity and the establishment of pregnancy should lead to methods to improve postpartum fertility in dairy cows.Keywords: glucose, IGF1, insulin, pregnancy, dairy cow ImplicationsCompeting processes of milk production and reproduction can be at odds in dairy cows, particularly if the unique metabolic processes that typify early lactation become imbalanced. A potential end result is that cows do not become pregnant during the breeding period. The need to replace infertile cows adds to the cost of production. Understanding basic mechanisms that link the first 60 days of lactation with the subsequent success or failure of establishing pregnancy during the breeding period, therefore, is an important area of research for the dairy industry. IntroductionWithin most dairy production systems, milk or milk solids production per cow is increasing annually. The average United States dairy cow, for example, produces in excess of 9500 kg of milk annually. Peak milk production is in early lactation (within 30 to 60 days after calving) when the uterus is involuting and the ovary is restoring the cyclic processes that lead to oestrus, ovulation, and the formation of a corpus luteum. Competing processes of milk production, uterine involution, and the restoration of ovarian activity can be at odds, particularly if the unique homeorhetic processes that typify early lactation become imbalanced and there is metabolic disease. A potential end result of the competition between high milk production and the reproductive system is that cows do not become pregnant during the breeding period which is typically initiated at~60 days after...

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Section: Lucy Butler and Garverickmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms linking postpartum glucose with early embryonic and foetal development in dairy cows

Lucy

Butler

Garverick

2014

Animal

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“…It is known that the mobilization of fat depots in early lactation leads to an increase in the blood concentration of free fatty acids, and the β-oxidation of these fatty acids leads to an excess of acetyl-CoA and an increase in the synthesis of ketone bodies in the liver [7,8]. Ketone bodies, in turn, adversely influence the reproductive function in cows [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disorders in highly productive dairy cows are mostly associated with the metabolic state after calving [1,6,7]. In the early postpartum period, the animals lack the nutrients to maintain lactation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this, due to the limited supply of glucose, the main source of energy is fat depots [8]. The catabolic nature of metabolism during early lactation leads to a change in blood metabolites and metabolic hormones which affect animal fertility [1,7,9]. In addition, redirection of the main metabolic pathways for lactation causes a lack of energy and plastic resources to maintain other functions, primarily reproductive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolism and Reproductive Function During the Postpartum Period in First-Calf Cows When Introducing the Placenta Extract

Mityashova¹,

Гусев²,

Lebedeva³

2017

S-h. biol.

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A b s t r a c tMost reproductive disorders in dairy cows are associated with postpartum metabolic state. One approach to normalizing the reproductive function is to use biostimulators, which have a modulating effect on the immune, metabolic, and endocrine systems. The aim of the present research was to study the action of the cattle placenta extract on the metabolic adaptation and reproductive system functioning during the postpartum period in first-calf cows. We have conducted for the first time monitoring of indicators of metabolism and the steroidogenic ovarian activity in first-calf cows, treated with the placenta extract, during the transition period and two months after calving and also assessed the reproduction indices. The raw material for the preparation was placenta separated within 4-6 hours after calving. The extract was isolated from placenta according to the procedure, described earlier (M.V. Varenikov et al., 2010), with the use of some modifications. Effects of the extract were evaluated in first-calf cows of the Black Pied breed (Bos taurus taurus) on the basis of ZAO PZ «Ba-rybino» (Domodedovo Region, Moscow Province) in 2015-2016. Seven to fourteen days prior to calving and on the day of calving, cows of the group I (control, n = 8) received the saline, and cows of the group II (experiment, n = 11) received 20 ml of the placenta extract. Before the treatment and on days 3 to 5, 20 to 25 and 50 to 60 after calving, the animal blood was taken for biochemical analysis and enzyme immunoassay. In serum samples, the concentration of total protein and its fractions, urea, bilirubin, cholesterol, calcium, and phosphorus, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2), and the content of progesterone and estradiol-17β were measured. Twelve months after calving, based on the analysis of zootechnical and pedigree records, the reproduction indices (the pregnancy rate, calving to conception interval, and service per conception rate) and the 305-day milk yield were determined. A rise (p < 0,001) in the blood content of total protein (by 24.9 %) and its globulin fraction (by 51.8 %) was observed on days 20 to 25 after calving only in animals of the group II. The cholesterol concentration in the blood of these cows remained unchanged, whereas it was reduced by 33 % (p < 0.05) in control cows from days 3-5 to days 20-25 after calving. During the studied period, an increase in the serum activity of ALT was more pronounced in cows of the group II, while a raise in the activity of AST was considerable only in control animals. On days 20-25, the progesterone concentration in the blood of experimental cows was 57.7 % lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). However, 50-60 days after calving, the level of blood progesterone in experimental animals rose sharply and was four times higher than in control ones (p < 0.01). The treatment of cows also resulted in a reduction in the calving to conception interval from 123.5±10.5 to 95.1±5.8 days (p < 0.05). Thu...

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“…The lactation is physiologically associated with increase in the metabolic processes, due to the high needs for energy, especially in the initial stage (first three months) when milk production is high (1). During this period, the chances to raise the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase the interleukin-6 (IL-6) level, is high (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of grape juice consumption on antioxidant activity and interleukin-6 concentration in lactating rats

Faria

Rosse

Dias³

et al. 2016

Nutr Hosp

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ResumenIntroducción: este estudio evaluó el efecto del consumo de zumo de uva sobre la capacidad antioxidante y el nivel de interleucina-6 en sangre de ratas lactantes. Material y método: dieciocho ratas Wistar lactantes adultas se dividieron en dos grupos: grupo control (CG) y grupo de zumo de uva (GJU). La actividad antioxidante se determinó mediante el método de secuestro de radicales libres (DPPH) y la Capacidad de Absorción Radical de Oxígeno (ORAC) por 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), y la interleucina-6 se determinó mediante Inmunosorbent Enzyme-linked Método de ensayo (ELISA). Los datos se presentaron como media y desviación estándar. Resultados: la capacidad antioxidante fue mayor (p < 0,05) en el GJU (25,00 ± 3,08 μmol ecuación Trolox/g) que en el CG (10,00 ± 3,11 μmol ecuación Trolox/g), según el método ORAC. El nivel de interleucina-6 (pg/ml) fue menor en el grupo de zumo de uva que en CG. Conclusión: el consumo de zumo de uva durante la lactancia mejora la capacidad antioxidante de las ratas lactantes y parece ser capaz de disminuir la actividad infl amatoria. AbstractObjective: This study evaluated the effect of grape juice consumption on the antioxidant capacity and the interleukin-6 blood level of lactating rats. Material and method: Eighteen Wistar rats, lactating females adult, were divided into two groups: control group (CG) and grape juice group (GJG). The antioxidant activity was determined by the method of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-kidnapping of free radicals (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and the interleukin-6 was determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The data were presented as mean and standard deviation. Results: The antioxidant capacity was higher (p < 0.05) in the GJG (25.00 ± 3.08 µmol eq. Trolox/g) than in the CG (10.00 ± 3.11 µmol eq. Trolox/g), by the ORAC method. The interleukin-6 (pg/ml) level was lower in the grape juice group than in CG. Conclusion: The consumption of grape juice during lactation improves the antioxidant capacity in lactating rats and seems capable to decrease the infl ammatory activity.

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Associations between lipid metabolism and fertility in the dairy cow

Cited by 84 publications

References 111 publications

Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms linking postpartum glucose with early embryonic and foetal development in dairy cows

Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms linking postpartum glucose with early embryonic and foetal development in dairy cows

Metabolism and Reproductive Function During the Postpartum Period in First-Calf Cows When Introducing the Placenta Extract

Effect of grape juice consumption on antioxidant activity and interleukin-6 concentration in lactating rats

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