Associations between nutrient intakes and dietary patterns with different sarcopenia definitions in older Australian men: the concord health and ageing in men project

Abstract

Objective: To assess the associations between nutrient intake and dietary patterns with different sarcopenia definitions in older men. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Sarcopenia was defined using the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). Dietary adequacy of fourteen nutrients was assessed by comparing participants’ intakes with the Nutrient Reference Values (NRV). Attainment of NRV for nutrients was incorporated into a variable ‘poor’ (meeting ≤ 9) v. ‘good’ (meeting ≥ 10) using the cut-point method. Also, two different dietary patterns, monounsaturated:saturated fat and n-6:n-3 fatty acids ratio and individual nutrients were used as predictor variables. Participants: A total of 794 men aged ≥75 years participated in this study. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia by the FNIH, EWGSOP and EWGSOP2 definitions was 12·9 %, 12·9 % and 19·6 %, respectively. With the adjustment, poor nutrient intake was significantly associated with FNIH-defined sarcopenia (OR: 2·07 (95 % CI 1·16, 3·67)), but not with EWGSOP and EWGSPOP2 definitions. The lowest and second-lowest quartiles of protein, Mg and Ca and the lowest quartiles of n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA intakes were significantly associated with FNIH-defined sarcopenia. Each unit decrease in n-6:n-3 ratio was significantly associated with a 9 % increased risk of FNIH-defined sarcopenia (OR: 1·09 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·16)). Conclusions: Inadequate intakes of nutrients are associated with FNIH-defined sarcopenia in older men, but not with the other two sarcopenia definitions. Further studies are required to understand these relationships.

Dietary Intake of Vitamin E and Fats Associated with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese People: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Fifth Survey of the ROAD Study

“…However, there was no significant association between protein intake and sarcopenia prevalence in the present study (Table 2). In agreement with the present findings, some observational studies have found no association between the amounts of daily protein intake and sarcopenia or frailty, because the average daily protein intake was relatively high compared to the 0.83 g/kg BW/day recommended by the World Health Organization [52,53], and these associations would be dependent on the definition of sarcopenia [54].…”

Relationship between Dietary Macronutrients Intake and the ATHLOS Healthy Ageing Scale: Results from the Polish Arm of the HAPIEE Study

“…The positive association between protein intake and the ATHLOS Healthy Ageing Scale in our cohort is in line with studies which investigated the relationship of diet with other measures of ageing [15,[18][19][20][21][22]36,37]. In cross-sectional studies, lower dietary protein intake was associated with frailty in elderly Japanese women [36], in adults in Spain [19] and with sarcopenia in elderly Belgians [18], or in Australian men [20].…”

“…In previous studies concerning the relationship between dietary macronutrients and ageing, various ageing-related concepts and indices were used (e.g., frailty, sarcopenia, successful ageing as lack of diseases, physical or cognitive functioning) but the results seemed to be inconclusive. Low protein and low fat intake were related with prevalence of frailty and sarcopenia [18][19][20]. In some prospective studies, dietary protein intake was related to better ageing-related indices [15,[21][22][23], but not in all [24,25].…”

Protein Intake and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The main characteristics of the included studies are shown in Table 1 . Five cross-sectional studies [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], one longitudinal study [ 36 ], and one case-control study [ 37 ] that investigated 3353 community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of approximately 73 years from Australia, Belgium, Finland, India, and the Netherlands were included. One study [ 32 ] included participants from Italy, Poland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.…”

“…Sarcopenia was operationalized according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) [ 1 ], EWGSOP2 [ 2 ], and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) sarcopenia project [ 5 ]. One study compared all three sarcopenia frameworks [ 34 ], and one study [ 32 ] diagnosed sarcopenia according to the presence of low skeletal muscle index (SMI) and SPPB score.…”