Associations between oral hygiene habits, diet, tobacco and alcohol and risk of oral cancer: A case–control study from India

Gupta, Bhawna; Bray, Freddie; Kumar, Narinder; Johnson, Newell W.

doi:10.1016/j.canep.2017.09.003

Cited by 142 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…A diet low in fruits and vegetables can lead to a vitamin A and vitamin E deficiency that is associated with an increased risk of developing oropharyngeal malignancies. Poor oral hygiene can also be a risk factor especially for tobacco and alcohol users [11].…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

HPV-Positive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Berteșteanu¹,

Grigore²,

Nicolaescu³

et al. 2020

Human Papillomavirus

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Head and neck malignancies represent the sixth most frequent type of cancer currently in worldwide statistics. Of these, oral and pharyngeal cancers have steadily increased, being linked with the increase in HPV infection pandemic. This rise is not due to one cause, but rather multiple factors such as lifestyle and sexual behavior pattern changes and globalization. Because of the anatomy of the oral cavity and oropharynx, the proper diagnosis is easily delayed, and patients present with advanced stage disease, which requires aggressive and extensive surgery along with neck dissection and chemoradiotherapy. Patients with advanced stage disease have a high recurrence risk with a low 5-year survival rate. Preventing the HPV infection is of course desirable, but right now, for adults which already are infected and have a higher risk of developing HPV-related neoplasias, as well as for our head and neck cancer patients, alternative treatment algorithms are necessary.

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Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

HPV-Positive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Berteșteanu¹,

Grigore²,

Nicolaescu³

et al. 2020

Human Papillomavirus

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“…Oral cancers have also been associated with a low intake of fruits, vegetables, and a protective role may be afforded by diets high in fruits, vegetables, and fiber . Consumption of yellow vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and citrus fruits more than once a week showed a protective effect, whereas red meat intake more than once a week conferred an increased risk . Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum , has long been proposed as a risk factor of OSCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy modulators for the treatment of oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

Khan

Relitti

Brindisi

et al. 2019

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) exhibit a survival rate of less than 60% and 40%, respectively. Late-stage diagnosis and lack of effective treatment strategies make both OSCC and ESCC a significant health burden. Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent catabolic process, involves the degradation of intracellular components to maintain cell homeostasis. Targeting autophagy has been highlighted as a feasible therapeutic strategy with clinical utility in cancer treatment, although its associated regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. The detection of relevant biomarkers in biological fluids has been anticipated to facilitate early diagnosis and/or prognosis for these tumors. In this context, recent studies have indicated the presence of specific proteins and small RNAs, detectable in circulating plasma and serum, as biomarkers. Interestingly, the interplay between biomarkers (eg, exosomal microRNAs) and autophagic processes could be exploited in the quest for targeted and more effective therapies for OSCC and ESCC. In this review, we give an overview of the available biomarkers and innovative targeted therapeutic strategies, including the application of autophagy modulators in OSCC and ESCC.Additionally, we provide a viewpoint on the state of the art Tuhina Khan and Nicola Relitti contributed equally to this work. and on future therapeutic perspectives combining the early detection of relevant biomarkers with drug discovery for the treatment of OSCC and ESCC. K E Y W O R D S autophagy, autophagy modulators, biomarkers, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, exosomes, oral squamous cell carcinoma, targeted therapy 1 | INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity followed by verrucous carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and small salivary adenocarcinoma. 1 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the first histological type and accounts for 80% of cases of esophageal cancer. 2 OSCC and ESCC are indicated as one of the most common cancers by the International Union Against Cancer with an annual incidence of 275 000 and 456 000 cases worldwide, respectively. 3,4 The primary etiology in both OSCC and ESCC is attributed to the environmental factors (tobacco abuse, alcohol consumption), genetic factors (eg, mutations in enzymes), viral factors (human papilloma virus [HPV] infection), and/or the coexistence of these factors. Alcohol intake and tobacco use are responsible for at least 75% of these carcinomas. The underlying initiation and progression mechanisms of OSCC and ESCC are generally characterized by the accumulation of serial epigenetic and genetic alterations, which eventually lead to uncontrolled proliferation of the mutated cells, followed by vigorous cell division. 5,7 Early-stage OSCC detection displays an 80% survival rate at 5 years, while detection at advanced stage leads to survival rates ranging from 20% to 40%. 6 In ESCC, the 5-year survival rate for early-stage detection may reach 85%, whereas a dr...

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“…Moreover, a previous systemic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies showed that periodontal disease was related to a signi cant increase in the risk for oral cancer [12,13]. Other casecontrol studies reported that poor oral health, loss of multiple teeth, and infrequent tooth brushing are related to the risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers, including in the lips, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, and esophagus [14,15]. However, studies investigating the relationship between parameters of oral health and periodontal disease and the occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancers are sparse in the longitudinal setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrequent tooth brushing and teeth lost may increase the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancers: A nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea.

Woo¹,

Lee

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Oral and pharyngeal cancers are emerging and troublesome diseases worldwide. Although poor oral hygiene behaviors and parameters affecting oral health have been considered as potential risk factors of oral and pharyngeal cancers including smoking and alcohol consumption for decades, study results have been inconsistent. Longitudinal studies regarding the association between poor oral hygiene behaviors and parameters of oral health and the occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancers have been lacking. We aimed to investigate this relationship in a nationwide general population-based cohort.Methods: We included data on demographics, past history, and laboratory findings for 150,774 subjects without teeth lost from the Korean National Health Insurance System-Health Screening Cohort. The presence of periodontal disease and parameters of oral health, including frequency of tooth brushings, dental visits for any reason, professional teeth scaling, and number of teeth lost, were investigated. Oral and pharyngeal cancers were defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes of C00-C14.Results: During a median 11.1 years of follow-up, 1,155 (0.77%) oral and pharyngeal cancers occurred. Based on multivariable analysis, after adjusting for demographics, alcohol consumption, smoking status, regular exercise, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, blood and urinary laboratory findings, and parameters of oral health including frequent tooth brushing (three or more times per day) were related to a lower risk of oral and pharyngeal cancers (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66–0.93, p=0.005). An increased number of teeth lost (≥15) was positively associated with occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancers (HR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.26–2.31, p=0.001 in model 1; HR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.24–2.28, p<0.001 in model 2; HR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.22–2.25, p=0.001 in model 3; p-value for trend test for HR <0.001).Conclusions: The occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancers decreased with more frequent tooth brushing (three or more times per day) and increased with the number of teeth lost. With regards to the prevention of oral and pharyngeal cancers, improving oral hygiene may have a significant contribution.

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Associations between oral hygiene habits, diet, tobacco and alcohol and risk of oral cancer: A case–control study from India

Cited by 142 publications

References 58 publications

HPV-Positive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

HPV-Positive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Autophagy modulators for the treatment of oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

Infrequent tooth brushing and teeth lost may increase the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancers: A nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea.

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