Associations between Oxidant/Antioxidant Status and Circulating Adipokines in Non-Obese Children with Prader–Willi Syndrome

Abstract

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), but there are no data on these disorders in non-obese children with PWS. Therefore, the presented study examined total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the oxidative stress index (OSI), and adipokine levels in 22 non-obese children with PWS during dietary intervention and growth hormone treatment compared with 25 non-obese healthy children. Serum concentrations of TOC, TAC, nesfatin-1, leptin, hepcidin, ferroportin, and ferritin were determined using immunoenzymatic methods. We found that TOC concentrations were higher by 50% (p = 0.006) in patients with PWS than in healthy children, but no significant differences in TAC concentrations were observed between these groups. The OSI was higher in children with PWS than in the controls (p = 0.002). We found positive associations between TOC values and the percentage of the Estimated Energy Requirement, body mass index (BMI) Z-score, percentage of fat mass, and leptin, nesfatin-1, and hepcidin concentrations in patients with PWS. A positive association was also found between the OSI and nesfatin-1 levels. These observations suggest that higher daily energy intake and weight gain may be accompanied by an increasing prooxidant state in these patients. Adipokines such as leptin, nesfatin-1, or hepcidin may also play a role in the prooxidant state in non-obese children with PWS.

The Role of Adipokines and Myokines in the Pathogenesis of Different Obesity Phenotypes—New Perspectives

“…The study of Dokumacioglu et al showed lower nesfatin-1 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations in obese children than in the control group [55]. On the contrary, the study of Gajewska et al found that nesfatin-1 levels positively correlated with the oxidative stress index in non-obese children with Prader-Willi syndrome, a result that may support the not fully elucidated role of nesfatin-1 in maintaining redox state [54].…”

“…The possible relationship between nesfatin-1 and BMI has not yet been fully elucidated, with studies showing conflicting results, whether positive [44,[48][49][50], negative [51,52] or the lack of correlation [53]. Also, the precise involvement of the concentration of nesfatin-1 in oxidative stress remains unclear [54]. The study of Dokumacioglu et al showed lower nesfatin-1 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations in obese children than in the control group [55].…”