BACKGROUND
The wide use of smartphones offers large-scale opportunities for real-time data collection methods such as Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to assess how fluctuations in contextual and psychosocial factors influence parents’ feeding practices and feeding goals, particularly when feeding children with a high food approach.
OBJECTIVE
The main objectives of this study were to: (1) assess parents/caregivers’ compliance with EMA procedures administered through a smartphone app and (2) estimate the criterion validity of the EMA to capture children’s eating occasions and parents’ feeding practices. Participant adherence, technological challenges, and data quality were used to provide an overview of the real-time dynamics of parental mood, feeding goals, and contextual factors during eating occasions.
METHODS
Parents living in the UK with a child aged between 3 and 5 years with avid eating behavior were invited to participate in the 10-day EMA study using a smartphone app. Of the 312 invited participants, 122 (39%) parents initiated the EMA study, of which 118 (96.7%) completed the full EMA period and the follow-up feasibility and acceptability survey.
RESULTS
Of those parents who completed the EMA study, 104 (87.4%) provided at least seven ‘full’ days of data (two signal surveys and one event survey), despite 51 parents (43.2%) experiencing technical difficulties. The parents received notifications for morning surveys (69.9% response rate), three daily mood surveys (78.7% response rate), and an end-of-day survey (84.6% response rate) on each of the ten days. Over the EMA period, a total of 2,524 child eating/food request surveys were self-initiated by the participants on their smartphones, an average of 2.1 times per day per parent (SD = 0.18, min = 1.7, max = 2.3). The majority of parents felt that the surveys made them more aware of their feelings (89%) and activities (79%).
CONCLUSIONS
This paper demonstrates the feasibility of employing EMA to investigate the intricate interplay between parental mood, feeding goals, contextual factors, and feeding practices with children exhibiting an avid eating behavior profile. However, the use of EMA needs to be carefully developed and tested with parents’ involvement to ensure successful data collection.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT
RR2-10.2196/55193
