Associations between phthalic acid esters in household dust and childhood asthma in Shanghai, China

Zhang, Jialing; Sun, Chanjuan; Lu, Rongchun; Zou, Zhijun; Liu, Wei; Huang, Chen

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111760

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Previous limited data on the associations of phthalate exposure with asthma and allergy among different genders did not reach consistent conclusions. Some studies reported no gender modification [ 19 ], others found a higher risk of asthma in girls associated with phthalate exposure [ 18 , 29 , 35 ], while still others found a higher risk in boys [ 36 ]. Gender-specific effects of phthalate exposure on asthma need to be further investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalate Metabolites in Urine of Chinese Children and Their Association with Asthma and Allergic Symptoms

Zhao

Sun

Zhu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Phthalates are ubiquitous ‘modern’ chemical compounds with potential negative impacts on children’s health. A nested case–control study was designed to investigate associations of phthalate exposure with children’s asthma and allergic symptoms. We collected 243 first morning urine samples from 4–8-year-old children in Tianjin, China. Eight metabolites (i.e., mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxylpentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP)) of five phthalates were analyzed using HPLC-MS. MiBP, MnBP and MECPP were the dominant phthalate metabolites in urine of children in Tianjin with median concentrations of 31.6 μg/L, 26.24 μg/L and 46.12 μg/L, respectively. We found significantly positive associations of diagnosed asthma with MnBP (adjusted odds ratios (AOR): 1.96; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.07–3.61), MEHHP (AOR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.08–3.71) and MEOHP (AOR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.06–4.10). Our study indicates that phthalate exposure in childhood, especially to di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), may be a risk factor for children’s asthma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalate Metabolites in Urine of Chinese Children and Their Association with Asthma and Allergic Symptoms

Zhao

Sun

Zhu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…High-dose BPA exposure can enhance the allergic reaction, and increase the risk of asthma or allergic diseases in infants, with gender difference. 34,35 Exposure to BPA could impact childhood asthma development through changes in DNA methylation. 36 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are volatile hydrocarbons produced when wood, coal, petroleum and organic polymer compounds are not completely burned, which is an important pollutant in the environment.…”

Section: New Chemical Pollution Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental exposure and infants health

Sun

Huang

Yu³

2023

Indoor and Built Environment

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“…Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that exposure to PAEs has been associated with childhood obesity [ 10 , 11 ], male developmental issues and reproductive outcomes [ 12 , 13 ], and female breast cancer incidence [ 14 , 15 ]. Moreover, studies have found associations between inhalation exposure to PAEs and the development of asthma and allergic symptoms in children [ 16 , 17 ]. In addition, exposure to PAEs has been linked to potential effects on human respiratory problems and blood pressure in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buildings offer partial protection again ambient origin particulate pollutants, but indoor sources of PAEs enhance the potential for overall personal exposures. PAEs are physically bound to the plastic polymer and can be easily released into the ambient atmosphere and adhere to indoor particles and settled house dust [ 16 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Personal PM2.5-Bound Phthalates Exposure for Adults in Hong Kong

Chen

Ward

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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We performed personal PM2.5 monitoring involving 56 adult residents in Hong Kong. Additionally, paired personal and residential indoor fine particle (PM2.5) samples were collected from 26 homes and from 3 fixed monitoring locations (i.e., outdoor samples). Six PM2.5-bound phthalate esters (PAEs)—including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP)—were measured using a thermal desorption–gas chromatography/mass spectrometer method. Average ∑6PAEs (i.e., summation of six PAE congeners) concentrations in personal PM2.5 exposure (699.4 ng/m3) were comparable with those in residential indoors (646.9 ng/m3), and both were slightly lower than the outdoor levels. DEHP was the most abundant PAE congener (80.3%–85.0%) and found at the highest levels in different exposure categories, followed by BBP, DnBP, and DnOP. Strong correlations were observed between DEHP with DnBP (rs: 0.81–0.90; p < 0.01), BBP (rs: 0.81–0.90; p < 0.01), and DnOP (rs: 0.87–0.93; p < 0.01) in each exposure category. However, no apparent intercorrelations were shown for PAE congeners. Higher indoor concentrations and a stronger correlation between DMP and DEP were found compared with outdoor concentrations. Principal component analysis affirmed heterogeneous distribution and notable variations in PAE sources across different exposure categories. The average daily intakes of ∑6PAEs and DEHP via inhalation were 0.14–0.17 and 0.12–0.16 μg/kg-day for adults in Hong Kong. A time-weighted model was used to estimate PAE exposures incorporating residential indoor and outdoor exposure and time activities. The inhalation cancer risks attributable to measured and estimated personal exposure to DEHP exceeded the U.S. EPA’s benchmark (1 × 10−6). The results provide critical information for mitigation strategies, suggesting that PAEs from both ambient and indoor sources should be considered when exploring the inhalation health risks of PAEs exposure.

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Associations between phthalic acid esters in household dust and childhood asthma in Shanghai, China

Cited by 24 publications

References 65 publications

Phthalate Metabolites in Urine of Chinese Children and Their Association with Asthma and Allergic Symptoms

Phthalate Metabolites in Urine of Chinese Children and Their Association with Asthma and Allergic Symptoms

Environmental exposure and infants health

Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Personal PM2.5-Bound Phthalates Exposure for Adults in Hong Kong

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