Associations between presence of handwashing stations and soap in the home and diarrhoea and respiratory illness, in children less than five years old in rural western Kenya

Kamm, Kelly B.; Feikin, D. R.; Bigogo, Godfrey; Aol, George; Audi, Allan; Cohen, Adam L.; Shah, Mihir M.; Yu, Jihnhee; Breiman, Robert F.; Ram, Pavani K.

doi:10.1111/tmi.12263

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although results are mixed when looking at the association between a designated place for handwashing and respiratory and diarrhea symptoms in children below the age of 5, 22,29 some studies have found increased handwashing behavior in households with a fixed handwashing location. 19,30 Interactions between fixed and self-created contextual factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Contextual and Psychosocial Factors on Handwashing

Seimetz¹,

Boyayo²,

Mosler³

2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Even though washing hands with soap is among the most effective measures to reduce the risk of infection, handwashing rates in infrastructure-restricted settings remain seriously low. Little is known about how context alone and in interaction with psychosocial factors influence hand hygiene behavior. The aim of this article was to explore how both contextual and psychosocial factors affect handwashing practices. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 660 caregivers of primary school children in rural Burundi. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that household wealth, the amount of water per person, and having a designated place for washing hands were contextual factors significantly predicting handwashing frequency, whereas the contextual factors, time spent collecting water and amount of money spent on soap, were not significant predictors. The contextual factors explained about 13% of the variance of reported handwashing frequency. The addition of the psychosocial factors to the regression model resulted in a significant 41% increase of explained variation in handwashing frequency. In this final model, the amount of water was the only contextual factor that remained a significant predictor. The most important predictors were a belief of self-efficacy, planning how, when, and where to wash hands, and always remembering to do so. The findings suggest that contextual constraints might be perceived rather than actual barriers and highlight the role of psychosocial factors in understanding hygiene behaviors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Contextual and Psychosocial Factors on Handwashing

Seimetz¹,

Boyayo²,

Mosler³

2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…According to Kamm et al (2014), washing hands with soap can prevent child mortality caused by two major killer diseases of pneumonia and diarrhea. Handwashing behavior using soap with water can remove dirt and pathogen in the hand, physically it can reduce the transmission of pathogen.…”

Section: The Association Between Healthymentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Smoke Exposure and Other Risk Factors of Pneumonia among Children Under Five in Karanganyar, Central Java

Nikmah

Rahardjo

Qadrijati

2017

J EPIDEMIOL PUBLIC HEALTH

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Background: Globally, pneumonia is an infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. It causes one of five deaths in children under five years old worldwide. Approximately 61 million new cases of pneumonia in Sout East Asia occur annually. This study aimed to examine risk factors of pneumonia among children under five in Karanganyar, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. The study was conducted in Karanganyar District, Central Java, from October to November, 2017. Study subjects were selected by fixed disease sampling consisting of 68 children under five years old with pneumonia and 136 without pneumonia. The dependent variable was pneumonia. The independent variables were nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal stress, type of labour, maternal education, maternal job status, family income, number of children, quality of house, quality of environment, and indoor smoke exposure. The data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis. Results: The risk of pneumonia increased with indoor smoke exposure (b= 2.57; 95% CI= 1.54 to 3.60; p< 0.001), number of children ≥3 (b= 1.34; 95% CI= 0.45 to 2.24; p= 0.003), and maternal stres during pregnancy (b= 1.02; 95% CI= 0.16 to 1.88; p= 0.019). The risk of pneumonia decreased with good house environment (b= −0.95; 95% CI= −1.80 to -0.09; p= 0.030), healthy behavior (b= −1.21; 95% CI= −2.09 to −0.33; p= 0.007), and good nutritional status (b= −1.91; 95% CI= −2.92 to −0.90; p<0.001). The risk of pneumonia was indirectly affected by exclusive breastfeding, history of Caesarean section , maternal education, maternal working outside the house, family income, and good quality of house. Conclusion: The risk of pneumonia increases with indoor smoke exposure, but decreases with good house environment, healthy behavior, and good nutritional status.

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“…Esse achado pode estar diretamente relacionado à incidência de diarreia encontrada nesta pesquisa, porque a taxa de parasitoses intestinais é menor entre as pessoas que realizam filtração da água antes de consumir (20) . Verificou-se que 96,6% da amostra referiram realizar a lavagem das mãos com água e sabão, ação importante na prevenção de diarreia, já que estudo realizado na zona rural do Quênia concluiu que o índice de prevalência de diarreia em crianças menores 5 anos reduziu 41% em residências que possuíam sabão para fazer a higienização das mãos quando comparadas com residência que não o possuíam (21) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Condições Sociais E Condutas Maternas Na Prevenção E Manejo Da Diarreia Infantil

Oliveira

Bezerra³

et al. 2017

Cogitare Enferm.

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RESUMO: Objetivou-se caracterizar as condições sociais, incidência de diarreia e as condutas maternas na prevenção e manejo dessa patologia. Estudo descritivo realizado com 385 mães de crianças menores de cinco anos residentes no interior do Ceará no período de agosto a outubro de 2015. Foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas e os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Verificou-se que 79,7% das casas possuíam fossa séptica; 71,1% utilizava o serviço público como abastecimento de água; 96,6% das mães lavavam as mãos com água e sabão; 52,7% das crianças investigadas tiveram diarreia; e 91,2% das mães que referiram oferecer soro caseiro ao filho realizavam o preparo inadequadamente. Constatou-se que habilidades maternas são essenciais para o bem-estar das crianças, sendo importante que elas sejam instruídas e encorajadas quanto à prevenção e tratamento da diarreia. DESCRITORES: Diarreia infantil; Condições sociais; Comportamento materno; Enfermagem; Saúde da criança. CONDIÇÕES SOCIAIS E CONDUTAS MATERNAS SOCIAL CONDITIONS AND MATERNAL CONDUCTS IN THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF INFANTILE DIARRHEA ABSTRACT:The aim was to characterize the social conditions, incidence of diarrhea, and maternal conducts in the prevention and management of this pathology. A descriptive study was undertaken with 385 mothers of children below five years of age, resident in the rural region of Ceará, in August -October 2015. Structured interviews were held, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. It was ascertained that 79.7% of the houses had a septic tank; 71.1% used the public service as their water supply; 96.6% of the mothers washed their hands with soap and water; 52.7% of the children investigated had had diarrhea; and 91.2% of the mothers who mentioned offering home-prepared oral rehydration solution to their child prepared this inadequately. It was observed that maternal skills are essential for the children's well-being, and that it is important that the mothers should be provided with guidance and encouraged in relation to the prevention and treatment of diarrhea. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar las condiciones sociales, la incidencia de diarrea y las conductas maternas para la prevención y manejo de esa patología. Estudio descriptivo realizado con 385 madres de niños menores a cinco años, residentes en el interior de Ceará, de agosto a octubre de 2015. Fueron realizadas entrevistas estructuradas, datos analizados mediante estadística descriptiva. Se verificó que 79,9% de las casas poseía pozo séptico; 71,1% utilizaba el servicio público como fuente de abastecimiento de agua; 96,6% de las madres lavaba sus manos con agua y jabón; 52,7% de los niños investigados sufrieron diarrea; y 91,2% de las madres que informaron ofrecer suero casero al hijo realizaban la preparación de modo incorrecto. Se constató que las habilidades maternas son esenciales para el bienestar de los niños, siendo importante que las mismas hayan recibido instrucción y aliento para la prevención y tratamiento de la dia...

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Associations between presence of handwashing stations and soap in the home and diarrhoea and respiratory illness, in children less than five years old in rural western Kenya

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

The Influence of Contextual and Psychosocial Factors on Handwashing

The Influence of Contextual and Psychosocial Factors on Handwashing

Indoor Smoke Exposure and Other Risk Factors of Pneumonia among Children Under Five in Karanganyar, Central Java

Condições Sociais E Condutas Maternas Na Prevenção E Manejo Da Diarreia Infantil

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