Associations between the incidence of antiphosphatidylserine and antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies and clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus

Clinical picture of late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in a group of Polish patients

“…The presence of aPL, possible in SLE without APS, increases the risk of thrombosis. 16 In 75% of men in our group, a diagnosis of APS was established.…”

Extended Antiphospholipid Antibodies Screening in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients

“…In APS, clinical "non-criteria" APS manifestations, like superficial vein thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, renal microangiopathy, heart valve disease, livedo reticularis, migraine, chorea, seizures or myelitis [13], as well as "non-criteria" APLAs are described. The IgM aPS are more frequently encountered in the SLE patients than in healthy controls and might be correlated with the thrombotic events occurrence [14], or myocardial infarction [15]. The aPS in complex with aPT (aPT/PS complex) are present especially in SLE patients with serum LAC activity [16].…”

Update of Potential Biomarkers in Risk Prediction and Monitoring of Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease

“…The presence of APL may be associated with thrombus formation, which can lead to thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. These antibodies are related to early atherosclerosis and correlate significantly with cIMT in clinical studies [40,[139][140][141]. A summary of impact of antibodies on endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis in SLE is provided in Table 2.…”