Associations between the metabolic syndrome and bone health in older men and women: the Rancho Bernardo Study

Mühlen, Denise von; Safii, Syarida Hasnur; Jassal, Simerjot K; Svartberg, Johan; Barrett‐Connor, Elizabeth

doi:10.1007/s00198-007-0385-1

Cited by 220 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Presence of risk factors for the metabolic syndrome is associated with both higher blood pressures with higher salt intake 50 and higher fracture risk. 51 Metabolic syndrome has been associated with decreased production of NO, and NaCl has been shown to dose dependently decrease endothelial NO synthase activity in endothelial cells. 52 NO synthases have been demonstrated in both osteoclasts and osteoblasts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence that the skeletal non-response to potassium alkali supplements in healthy postmenopausal women depends on blood pressure or sodium chloride intake

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:In vitro studies demonstrate that bone is degraded in an acidic environment due to chemical reactions and through effects on bone cells. Clinical evidence is insufficient to unequivocally resolve whether the diet net acid or base load bone affects breakdown in humans. Increasing dietary salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) mildly increases blood acidity in humans and in rats with increased sensitivity to the blood pressure effects of salt, whereas increased potassium (K) intake can decrease blood pressure. Blood pressure responses to NaCl or K may potentially be a marker for increased bone turnover or lower bone mineral density (BMD) in women at higher risk for osteoporosis and fracture. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data from two data sets (California and NE Scotland) of postmenopausal women (n ¼ 266) enrolled in long-term randomized, placebo-controlled studies of the effects of administration of low-or high-dose dietary K alkali supplementation on bone turnover in relation to sodium or chloride excretion (a marker of dietary salt intake). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated from blood pressure measures, MAP was divided into tertiles and its influence on the effect of dietary NaCl and K alkali supplementation on deoxypyridinoline markers of bone resorption and BMD by DEXA was tested. Data was analysed for each data set separately and then combined. RESULTS: Percentage change in BMD after 24 months was less for California compared with North East Scotland (hip: À 0.6 ± 2.8% and À 1.5±2.4%, respectively (P ¼ 0.027); spine: À 0.5±3.4% and À 2.6±3.5%, (Po0.001). We found no effect of dietary alkali treatment on BMD change or bone resorption for either centre. Adjusting for the possible calcium-or potassium-lowering effects on blood pressure did not alter the results. CONCLUSIONS: Blood pressure responses to Na, Cl or K intake did not help predict a BMD response to diet alkali therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence that the skeletal non-response to potassium alkali supplements in healthy postmenopausal women depends on blood pressure or sodium chloride intake

et al. 2012

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“…21 In addition, the Rancho Bernardo Study reported that metabolic syndrome was not only associated with a lower BMD, but it was also associated with an increased incidence of osteoporotic fractures. 22 Hyperglycemia may have a direct adverse effect on bone metabolism because glucose enhances osteoclast activity in vitro. 23 One study conducted with 238 subjects who had received their first solid organ transplantation and 873 controls showed an odds ratio of 1.94 (95% CI 1.5-2.6) for fracture on individuals with pre-transplant diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low bone mineral density is associated with insulin resistance in bone marrow transplant subjects

Faulhaber

Premaor

Filho

et al. 2009

Bone Marrow Transplant

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Post-BMT subjects have an increased bone fracture risk. Additionally, several factors were associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis in these individuals. We aimed to identify other factors associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis in allogeneic post-BMT subjects. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 47 allogeneic post-BMT subjects. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone, ferritin, vitamin B 12 , insulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured. Insulin resistance and secretion were estimated through the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostatic model assessment for b-cell function (HOMA-B), respectively. A bone densitometry (BMD) was also obtained. The median time after BMT was 47.7 (12-115) months. Osteoporosis was identified in 17.0% of the subjects and osteopenia in 19.7%. The mean serum ferritin (P ¼ 0.002), insulin (Po0.0001), glucose (P ¼ 0.003) and triglyceride (P ¼ 0.018) levels were higher in individuals with osteopenia/osteoporosis. HOMA-IR (Po0.0001) and HOMA-B (Po0.0001) were increased in post-BMT subjects with osteopenia/osteoporosis. There was no other factor associated with the outcome. After adjustments ferritin, serum 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR remained independently associated with osteopenia/osteoporosis; however triglycerides no longer were. In conclusion, in the present study, low serum 25(OH)D levels, high serum ferritin levels and insulin resistance were associated with osteopenia/osteoporosis in post-BMT subjects.

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“…Previous studies showed that vertebral BMD was significantly lower in women with MetS among 2475 Korean women after adjustment for age, weight and height, 21 and the incidence of osteoporotic non-vertebral fractures was higher in women with MetS in the Rancho Bernardo Study. 22 Therefore, although BMD may be associated with both sarcopenia and MetS, it has not been determined whether the interaction between sarcopenia and MetS further increases total and regional BMD as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse effects of coexistence of sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome in Japanese women

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Little information is available regarding the interactions of sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the risks of these age-associated diseases in women. The present cross-sectional study was performed to investigate whether the coexistence of sarcopenia and MetS further increases the risks of lifestyle-related diseases in Japanese women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Healthy Japanese women (n ¼ 533) aged 30-84 participated in this study. MetS was defined as higher body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, systolic or diastolic blood pressure and blood lipid abnormalities. Appendicular muscle mass and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The criterion of low muscle mass and strength defined median skeletal muscle index (appendicular muscle mass/height 2 , kg/m 2 ) and handgrip strength. RESULTS: Two-way ANCOVA with adjustment for age, body fat percentage and whole-body lean tissue mass indicated that sarcopenia and MetS interacted to produce a significant effect on HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in Japanese women. The systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were significantly higher in women with coexisting sarcopenia and MetS than in healthy controls or in those with sarcopenia or MetS alone. The HbA1c in the coexisting sarcopenia and MetS group was higher than in healthy controls and sarcopenia subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of sarcopenia and MetS further increases the risks of cardiovascular diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, arterial stiffness and hyperlipidemia even adjustment of age and body composition in adult Japanese women.

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Associations between the metabolic syndrome and bone health in older men and women: the Rancho Bernardo Study

Abstract: Associations between the metabolic syndrome and bone health in older men and women: the Rancho Bernardo Study MS may be another risk factor for osteoporotic fractures. The association of MS with higher BMD was explained by the higher BMI in those with MS.

Cited by 220 publications

References 34 publications

No evidence that the skeletal non-response to potassium alkali supplements in healthy postmenopausal women depends on blood pressure or sodium chloride intake

No evidence that the skeletal non-response to potassium alkali supplements in healthy postmenopausal women depends on blood pressure or sodium chloride intake

Low bone mineral density is associated with insulin resistance in bone marrow transplant subjects

Adverse effects of coexistence of sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome in Japanese women

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