Associations between the vaginal microbiome and Candida colonization in women of reproductive age

Vaginal microbiota and the potential of Lactobacillus derivatives in maintaining vaginal health

“…putrescine and ethanolamine) concentration and lower glutathione (GSH), glycogen, and phospholipid concentration compared to HPV-negative women Higher concentration of biogenic amines and glycogen-related metabolites were also reported in HPV-positive women (CST-III vaginal microbiota) Higher concentration of GSH, glycogen, and phospholipid-related metabolites have been reported in HPV-positive women (CST-IV vaginal microbiota) HPV-positive women had lower concentration of amines, lipids, and peptides as compared to HPV-negative women across all vaginal microbiota state Oxidative stress environments in vagina created from high level of biogenic amines and GSH may compromise host response against infection [ 272 ] Bologna, Italy 79 women: 21 healthy, 20 BV-, 20 CT-, 18 VVC-infected women Cross-sectional study Microbial profiling by using 16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing and metabolomic analysis by 1 H-NMR Vaginal microbiota in healthy women are dominated by L. crispatus Low abundance of Lactobacillus and high abundance of A. vaginae , Faecalibacterium , Megasphaera , Roseburia observed in CT-infected women Low abundance of Lactobacillus and high abundance of BVAB were reported in BV- and VVC-infected women Reduction of dimethylamine and increment of trimethylamine level in vaginal dysbiosis conditions (BV, VVC, CT) Production of lactic acid and branched-chain amino acids (i.e. valine, leucin, isoleucine) are higher in healthy women Increment of biogenic amines and short-chain organic acids were reported in BV-infected women Higher glucose level was reported in VVC-infected women, may decrease the abundance of L. crispatus and promote the virulence of Candida [ 24 ] Missouri (St. Louis), USA 255 women: 42 Candida -colonised and 213 non- Candida colonised Inclusion of Black and White women with normal, intermediate, and BV-type vaginal microbiota Nested cross-sectional study Microbial profiling by using qPCR of 16S rRNA Inhibition assay of lactobacilli against Candida in vitro growth A total of 20% (52/255), 39% (99/255), and 38% (98/255) women reported L. crispatus -, L. iners -, and non- Lactobacillus dominated vaginal microbiota, respectively Lactobacillus iners -dominated vaginal microbiota is more likely to have Candida colonisation as compared to L. crispatus- dominated vaginal microbiota Cell-free supernatant from L. crispatus having lower pH (higher level of protonated lactic acid) and are correspondingly more effective to inhibit Candida colonisation as compared to L. iners [ 273 ] Kigali, Rwanda 68 hig...…”

Lactobacillus rhamnosus AD3 as a Promising Alternative for Probiotic Products

“…These species are among the most encountered in the vaginas of healthy women [ 35 , 36 ]. Usually, L. crispatus and L. gasseri are strong producers of lactic acid and inhibitory molecules against pathogenic species that cause urethritis, vaginitis or candidiasis [ 37 , 38 ]. In our study, a strain of L. gasseri , named SG3, showed the highest antagonistic activity against both bacteria and fungi, followed by L. rhamnosus AD3.…”

The Vaginal Virome—Balancing Female Genital Tract Bacteriome, Mucosal Immunity, and Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes?

“…There is clinical and in vitro evidence that the vaginal bacterial microbiota influences colonisation with fungal strains [46,47], albeit studies investigating yeast-viral interactions in the FGT are limited. The majority of available research of yeast-viral interactions focuses on the relationship between viral STIs and Candida coinfections, in which vaginal Candida infection was investigated as a risk factor for HIV transmission [48,49].…”