Associations of canopy leaf traits with SNP markers in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum (Desf.))

Abstract

The canopy leaves including the top three, i.e., the flag, the 2nd and 3rd from the top, are important for photosynthesis and grain yield of wheat. Molecular markers associated with traits of these leaves should be helpful for the high-yielding breeding. In this study, 1366 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers covering the whole genome of durum wheat were used to genotype 150 cultivars collected from 46 countries and regions in the world. Leaf length, leaf width and chlorophyll content of the top three leaves were measured, respectively, in three consecutive years. Association analyses were performed on the leaf traits and SNP markers. A total of 120 SNP marker associations were detected on 13 of the 14 chromosomes. Among these markers, 83 were associated with the canopy leaf traits, 10 with 1000-grain weight, and 29 with kernel number per spike. This study is helpful for better understanding the potential and genetic basis of functional leaves, and facilitates pyramiding of the favorable alleles using marker assisted selection for ideal plant-type and high photosynthesis efficiency in durum wheat breeding.

Atmospheric N deposition alleviates the unfavorable effects of drought on wheat growth

“…Determination of growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, biochemical constituents, and osmolytes of wheat and soil physicochemical properties -All wheat individuals were collected following the cultivation. All samples were placed in the sealed bags and rapidly transported back to the laboratory to evaluate growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, biochemical constituents, and osmolytes of wheat, including (I) number of tillers (NT; represents the ability of productive stem) (Wang et al 2018a;Jiang et al 2019); (II) plant height (PHe; the distance between the base of the stem and the apical shoot or tallest leaf; represents the competitiveness for sunlight acquisition); (III) ground diameter (GD; the diameter of the stem at the base; represents plant supporting ability); (IV) leaf size (determined by leaf length (LL) and leaf width (LW); represents leaf photosynthetic area) (Jiang et al 2019;Wu et al 2019); (V) green leaf area (GLA; GLA = LL × LW × 0.75; represents leaf photosynthetic area) (Xia et al 2016;Huang et al 2018); (VI) leaf thickness (LT; represents leaf supporting ability); (VII) specific leaf area (SLA; represents leaf resource use efficiency and acquisition ability) (Wang et al 2018b;Jiang et al 2019;Wang et al 2020); (VIII) single-leaf wet and dry weights (SLWW and SLDW, respectively; represents leaf growing competitiveness); (IX) leaf water content (LWC; represents leaf moisture content); (X) single-plant aboveground wet and dry weights (SPAWW and SPADW, respectively; represents aboveground growing competitiveness); (XI) plant aboveground water content (PAWC; represents aboveground moisture content); (XII) single-plant belowground wet and dry weights (SPBWW and SPBDW, respectively; represents belowground growing competitiveness); (XIII) plant belowground water content (PBWC; represents belowground moisture content) (Jiang et al 2019;Wang et al 2019aWang et al , 2020; (XIV) belowground-aboveground biomass ratio (BABR; represents plant biomass allocation proportion between belowground portion and aboveground portion Wang et al 2018a); (XV) leaf chlorophyll and N concentrations [LCC and LNC, respectively; determined by a hand-held plant nutrient meter (Instrument model: TYS-3 N; Manufacturer: TOP Instrument Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China)] represents leaf photosynthetic capacity) (Wu et al 2019;Wang et al 2019bWang et al , 2020; (XVI) plant proline content (PPC; the acidic ninhydrin method with colorimetric determination at 520 nm; represents the level of plant osmotic adjustment ability under stress environments); (XVII) plant malondialdehyde (MDA) content (PMDAC; the thiobarbituric acid method with colorimetric determination at 532 nm; represents the level of plant cell cytoplasm membrane peroxidation under stress environments); (XVIII) plant superoxide radicals (O 2…”

SNP-based association study of kernel architecture in a worldwide collection of durum wheat germplasm

“…In which, a stable and multi-traits associated locus BE500291_5_A_37 was mapped on chromosome 5A (Table 3 and S5 Fig), which can be further explored for discovering candidate genes and for function analysis across traits and environments. Integrated with our published studies [36,65,66], we further picked out all of those significant SNPs which we had previously found in chromosome 5A. In total, 23 unique significant SNPs were associated with 41 evaluated traits at different developmental stages of vegetative and reproductive growth in durum (S8 Table).…”

Drought Enhanced the Allelopathy of Goldenrod on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Performance of Lettuce

“…After eight days of incubation, ten lettuce seedlings of lettuce per Petri dish (i.e., fifty seedlings of lettuce per bioassay treatment group) were chosen randomly to assess SGeSGrP parameters of lettuce, namely, germination percentage (represents the germination ability) [3,9,10,13], germination potential (represents the germination capacity and uniformity) [3,9,10,13], germination index (represents the germination speed and vitality) [37][38][39], germination rate index (represents the germination speed and vitality) [40][41][42], germination vigor index (represents the germination speed and vitality) [39,43,44], promptness index (represents the robust response capability of seedling's germination) [45][46][47], seedling height (represents the competitive ability for sunlight acquisition) [3,9,10,13,33], root length (represents the competitive ability for water and inorganic salt acquisition) [3, 9, 10, 13], leaf length and width (represents the competitive ability for sunlight acquisition) [3,6, 8-10, 13, 33, 48], green leaf area (represents leaf photosynthetic area) [49][50][51], singleplant fresh and dry weights (represents plant growing ability) [3,9,10,13,24,33,48] and plant moisture content (represents plant water content) [3,9,10,…”