Associations of electronic and conventional cigarette use with periodontal disease in South Korean adults

Jeong, Wonjeong; Choi, Dong-Woo; Kim, Yun Kyung; Lee, Hyeon Ji; Lee, Sang Ah; Park, Sohee; Jang, Sung In

doi:10.1002/jper.19-0060

Cited by 63 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Consistent with our findings, ENDS users were recently determined to be twice as likely to suffer from periodontal disease and three times as likely to have gingival disease than individuals that did not use ENDS or conventional cigarettes. 13,14 ENDS usage has also been demonstrated in studies to be associated with a number of oral symptoms such as dry mouth, irritation, bad breath, and others. 6 These oral symptoms related to ENDS use, however, have been shown to be reduced compared to conventional cigarette smoking.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic nicotine delivery system-induced alterations in oral health via saliva assessment

Alqahtani

Cooper

Spears

et al. 2020

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is becoming increasingly prevalent. ENDS aerosols contain a variety of toxic components that may adversely impact health. Although exposure to traditional cigarette smoke is a risk factor for periodontal disease, the effects of ENDS on oral health have not been adequately examined. To evaluate potential oral health effects associated with ENDS use, a pilot study was performed with 14 current ENDS users and 16 never tobacco users. Participants completed questionnaires about their ENDS use and overall health. Saliva samples were assessed for differential biomarkers of inflammation, toxicity, and disease development. This included evaluation of specific inflammatory cytokines and the global assessment of alterations in metabolites. ENDS users were determined to have elevated saliva levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α indicative of inflammation. Metabolite profiling determined 368 metabolites were differentially expressed in the saliva of ENDS users versus never tobacco users. Cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, was the most significantly altered metabolite between the groups. Increased levels of prostaglandins and leukotrienes indicated that ENDS users exhibited increased arachidonic acid metabolism compared to never tobacco users. Additionally, a variety of other metabolites known to be involved in immune signaling such as gangliosides, ceramides, angiotensin, and others were also different between groups. Overall, our pilot study demonstrates differential saliva component profiles in current ENDS users, which may contribute to periodontal disease development. These alterations suggest specific pathways of oral disease induced by ENDS use and could be utilized as potential future biomarkers. Impact statement The use of traditional tobacco products is a known risk factor for the development of diseases including periodontal disease. To date, the potential oral health effects related to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use is unknown. This study collected saliva from ENDS users and never tobacco users to examine differences in the oral cavity of inflammatory cytokines and metabolites. The identification and measurement of these ENDS-related changes provide insight into disease pathways potentially associated with ENDS use. The utilization of saliva samples collected from human participates enhances the application of the findings compared to the majority of studies using cell culture and animal models. In addition, these foundational findings can inform future studies to examining specific pathways identified, interventional approaches, and application of translatable biomarkers of ENDS use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic nicotine delivery system-induced alterations in oral health via saliva assessment

Alqahtani

Cooper

Spears

et al. 2020

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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“…More studies examining risk of CVD outcomes in PD, with adjustments for key confounders, are also required to permit robust meta‐analyses in the future. Recent research has demonstrated a strong association of electronic cigarette smoking and PD, with a higher risk of PD in people using e‐cigarettes compared to conventional cigarettes (Jeong et al, 2019). Smoking in addition to other risk factors such as stress should also be adjusted for in future analyses to ensure minimal confounding effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of incident cardiovascular disease in people with periodontal disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Larvin

Kang

Aggarwal

et al. 2020

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Objectives Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality; periodontal disease (PD) affects up to 50% of the world's population. Observational evidence has demonstrated association between CVD and PD. Absent from the literature is a systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal cohort studies quantifying CVD risk in PD populations compared to non‐PD populations. To examine the risk of incident CVD in people with PD in randomised controlled trials and longitudinal cohort studies. Material and Methods We searched Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases up to 9th Oct 2019 using keywords and MeSH headings using the following concepts: PD, CVD, longitudinal and RCT study design. CVD outcomes included but were not restricted to any CVD, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Diagnosis method and severity of PD were measured either clinically or by self‐report. Studies comparing incident CVD in PD and non‐PD populations were included. Meta‐analysis and meta‐regression was performed to determine risk of CVD in PD populations and examine the effects of PD diagnosis method, PD severity, gender and study region. Results Thirty‐two longitudinal cohort studies were included after full text screening; 30 were eligible for meta‐analysis. The risk of CVD was significantly higher in PD compared to non‐PD (relative risk [RR]: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.14–1.26). CVD risk did not differ between clinical or self‐reported PD diagnosis (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.87–1.07,). CVD risk was higher in men (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.08–1.25) and severe PD (RR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.15–1.35). Among all types of CVD, the risk of stroke was highest (RR = 1.24; 95% CI:1.12–1.38), the risk of CHD was also increased (RR = 1.14; 95% CI:1.08–1.21). Conclusion This study demonstrated modest but consistently increased risk of CVD in PD populations. Higher CVD risk in men and people with severe PD suggests population‐targeted interventions could be beneficial.

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“…Cessation plans could be better if parents and their adolescents quit together, as young people are heavily affected by their parents' smoking [18,24,25]. Moreover, government and public health professionals should engage in intensive efforts to reduce tobacco use, by developing tobacco control policies (e.g., legislation to ban smoking), media campaigns, educational exhibitions, and public service announcements [9,14,36,37]. Above all, it is important for adolescents to realize the need to quit smoking and be alert to this need.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stopping tobacco use is often considered the most important element in cancer prevention worldwide [7][8][9]. However, smoking cessation programs have had limited success in South Korea, with many smokers unable to abstain from tobacco use for longer than a year [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association of Smoking Exposure at Home with Attempts to Quit Smoking and Cessation Success: A Survey of South Korean Adolescents Who Smoke

Jeong

Kim

Joo

et al. 2020

IJERPH

Self Cite

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This study aimed to examine the association of smoking exposure at home with attempts to quit smoking and the success or failure of such attempts among South Korean adolescents. We utilized the data of 28,652 South Korean adolescents who smoked from the 2015–2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, including demographic variables (age, sex, and family structure), socioeconomic variables (allowance per week, household income level, and grade), and health-related characteristics (alcohol consumption, intensity of physical activity, stress level, self-reported health status, attendance in smoking cessation programs, and smoking onset). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that attempting to quit smoking was less likely among those exposed to smoking at home every day compared to those without such exposure (boys exposed to smoking every day: OR = 0.52, CI = 0.45–0.60; girls exposed to smoking every day: OR = 0.48, CI = 0.38–0.61); cessation success showed similar results (boys exposed to smoking every day: OR = 0.51, CI = 0.46–0.58; girls exposed to smoking every day: OR = 0.56, CI = 0.47–0.66). These findings highlight the impacts of smoking exposure at home and the importance of considering this exposure when supporting adolescents to quit.

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Associations of electronic and conventional cigarette use with periodontal disease in South Korean adults

Cited by 63 publications

References 35 publications

Electronic nicotine delivery system-induced alterations in oral health via saliva assessment

Electronic nicotine delivery system-induced alterations in oral health via saliva assessment

Risk of incident cardiovascular disease in people with periodontal disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The Association of Smoking Exposure at Home with Attempts to Quit Smoking and Cessation Success: A Survey of South Korean Adolescents Who Smoke

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