Associations of employment sector and occupational exposures with full and part-time sickness absence: random and fixed effects analyses on panel data

Hartikainen, Elli; Solovieva, Svetlana; Viikari‐Juntura, Eira; Leinonen, Taina

doi:10.5271/sjweh.4003

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, among those with previous depression/anxiety, a higher proportion of young employees had long-term SA spells in the private as compared to the public sector. This finding adds an important aspect when discussing SA rates in public as compared to private sectors and especially among young employees 1 , 23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Young employees with a history of depression/anxiety were shown to have approximately the same risk for future SA in both private and public sectors. However, several previous studies reported higher SA rates in public than private sector in different age groups, with one explanation being that the difference in SA rates may be attributable to employee’s health 1 , 2 , 7 , 23 . Our findings of young employees suggest that depression/anxiety in early years may explain the different SA rates in public and private sectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…According to previous research, factors contributing to higher rates of SA among those employed in the public sector as compared to the private sector include sex, age, health status or size of the company 2 , 23 . Less is known, though, on whether SA rates are comparable between private and public sectors when studied in specific age groups, for example, young or older employees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sickness absence among young employees in private and public sectors with a history of depression and anxiety

Narusyte

Ropponen

Wang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The aim was to investigate occurrence and duration of sickness absence (SA) among young employees with previous depression/anxiety in private and public sectors. This population-based prospective study included 11,519 Swedish twin individuals of age 19–29 years that were followed regarding SA during 2006–2016. Data on previous depression/anxiety came from two screening surveys in 2005. Data on SA and employment sector were received from national registries. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used, also controlling for familial factors. Proportion of employees with SA was significantly higher among those with, as compared to those without, previous depression/anxiety, regardless the employment sector. Individuals with previous depression/anxiety had increased risk for future SA, in both private (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.90–2.66) and public sectors (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.73–2.54). Familial factors played a role in the association among employees in the private sector. A higher proportion of long-term SA was observed among employees with previous depression/anxiety in the private as compared to the public sector. To conclude, previous depression/anxiety tends to increase risk for SA among young employees in both employment sectors, whereas long-term SA seemed to be more prevalent among those in the private as compared to the public sector.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sickness absence among young employees in private and public sectors with a history of depression and anxiety

Narusyte

Ropponen

Wang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The validity of the constructed JEM was tested by evaluating criterion-related validity using large population data. Based on solid evidence about possible links between psychosocial work exposures, especially high job strain (high job demand and low job control), and the risks of ill health, i.e., sickness absence (14), disability pension (15), and cardiovascular diseases (16) and different mental disorders (17; 18), such as risk for depressive symptoms (19,20) and sleeping problems (21,22), various health outcomes were taken into account to examine the reproducible likelihood of the constructed JEM compared with individual-based job exposure and the predictive validity of the JEM based on register data. The assessment of psychosocial work factors measured by JEM can also help to answer the question of whether the relationship between exposure and outcome is consistent regardless of the method used (16).…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing and validating a Job Strain Index based on five nationwide Norway Surveys of Living Conditions in the Work Environment

Hermansen

Dahl

2022

Preprint

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Background: It has been claimed that Nordic register data are a “goldmine” for research. However, one limitation is the lack of information on working conditions. Job exposure matrices (JEMs) are one solution to this problem. Thus, the twin aim of this study was (i) to investigate the reliability of an occupation-based psychosocial JEM, i.e., a composite Job Strain Index (job strain or JSI abbreviated), and (ii) to examine the construct and criterion-related validity of this measure of job strain. Method: The study utilized five waves of the nationwide Norway Survey of Living Conditions in the Work Environment with a total sample of 43,977 individuals and register data with a total sample of 1,589,535 individuals. Job strain was composed of items belonging to the two dimensions of Karasek’s DC model, job demands and job control (1979). The reliability of the JSI and its dimensions and components were investigated by measuring the degree of agreement (Cohen’s kappa), sensitivity, specificity, and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). Construct validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis, and criterion-related validity was measured by concurrent validity and predictive validity. The selected concurrent criteria were self-reported survey information on long-term sick absence, anxiety, depression, and sleeping difficulty. The predictive criteria were register information on receipt of disability benefits, mortality, and long-term sick leave. Results: Agreement between individual and occupation-based job strain and components was fair to poor. The sensitivity and specificity of occupation-based job strain and its components varied from acceptable to low. The consistency of the items comprising job demand and job control was clearly acceptable. Regarding concurrent validity, significant associations between (both individual and occupational) job strain, and long-term sick leave and sleeping difficulty were observed for both genders. Occupation-based job strain indicated an elevated risk for anxiety and depression among men, but not among women. As for predictive reliability, significant associations between occupation-based job strain and all three health outcomes were observed for both men and women. Conclusion: Our occupation-based JSI serves as a reliable and valid indicator of psychosocial job exposure that can be used in analyses of Norwegian register data where individual information on such conditions is missing.

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“…The validity of the constructed JEM was tested by evaluating criterion-related validity using large population data. Based on solid evidence about possible links between psychosocial work exposures, especially high job strain (high job demand and low job control), and the risks of ill health, i.e., sickness absence [ 14 ], disability pension [ 15 ], and cardiovascular diseases [ 16 ] and different mental disorders [ 17 , 18 ], such as risk for depressive symptoms [ 19 , 20 ] and sleeping problems [ 21 , 22 ], various health outcomes were taken into account to examine the reproducible likelihood of the constructed JEM compared with individual-based job exposure and the predictive validity of the JEM based on register data. The assessment of psychosocial work factors measured by JEM can also help to answer the question of whether the relationship between exposure and outcome is consistent regardless of the method used [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing and validating an occupational job strain index based on five Norwegian nationwide surveys of living conditions on work environment

Hermansen

Dahl

2023

BMC Public Health

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Background It has been claimed that Nordic register data are a “goldmine” for research. However, one limitation is the lack of information on working conditions. Job exposure matrices (JEMs) are one solution to this problem. Thus, the three aims of this study were (i) to investigate the reliability of an occupation-based psychosocial JEM, i.e., a Job Strain Index (job strain or JSI abbreviated), (ii) to examine the construct and criterion-related validity of this measure of job strain (iii) and assesses the concurrent and the predictive validity of an occupation-based Job Strain Index for use in analyses of Norwegian register data. Method The study utilized five waves of the nationwide Norway Survey of Living Conditions in the Work Environment with a total sample of 43,977 individuals and register data with a total sample of 1,589,535 individuals. Job strain was composed of items belonging to the two dimensions of Karasek’s DC model, job demands and job control (1979). The reliability of the JSI and its dimensions and components were investigated by measuring the degree of agreement (Cohen’s kappa), sensitivity, specificity, and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). Construct validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis, and criterion-related validity was measured by concurrent validity and predictive validity. The selected concurrent criteria were self-reported survey information on long-term sick absence, anxiety, depression, and sleeping difficulty. The predictive criteria were register information on receipt of disability benefits, mortality, and long-term sick leave. Results Agreement between individual and occupation-based job strain and components was fair to poor. The sensitivity and specificity of occupation-based job strain and its components varied from acceptable to low. The consistency of the items comprising job demand and job control was clearly acceptable. Regarding concurrent validity, significant associations between (both individual and occupational) job strain, and long-term sick leave and sleeping difficulty were observed for both genders. Occupation-based job strain indicated an elevated risk for anxiety and depression among men, but not among women. As for predictive reliability, significant associations between occupation-based job strain and all three health outcomes were observed for both men and women. Conclusion Our occupation-based JSI serves as a reliable and valid indicator of psychosocial job exposure that can be used in analyses of Norwegian register data where individual information on such conditions is missing.

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Associations of employment sector and occupational exposures with full and part-time sickness absence: random and fixed effects analyses on panel data

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Sickness absence among young employees in private and public sectors with a history of depression and anxiety

Sickness absence among young employees in private and public sectors with a history of depression and anxiety

Constructing and validating a Job Strain Index based on five nationwide Norway Surveys of Living Conditions in the Work Environment

Constructing and validating an occupational job strain index based on five Norwegian nationwide surveys of living conditions on work environment

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