Associations of firearm dealer openings with firearm self-harm deaths and injuries: A differences-in-differences analysis

Matthay, Ellicott C.; Farkas, Kriszta; Goin, Dana E.; Rudolph, Kara E.; Pear, Veronica A.; Ahern, Jennifer

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248130

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For instance, Stolzenberg and D'Alessio (2000) found that a different proxy of legal gun availability (county-level rate of concealed carry permits in South Carolina) was not associated with violent crime after accounting for illegal availability. Matthay et al (2021) similarly did not find a statistically significant relationship between newly opened firearm dealers and localized firearm injuries across zip codes in California. These mixed findings suggest a need for continued research that accounts for both illegal and legal availability specifically using FFL density as a proxy for legitimate firearm access to further explore the availability-homicide link.…”

Section: Homicide Studies 27(2)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Firearm Availability, Homicide, and the Context of Structural Disadvantage

et al. 2021

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This study examines how legal and illegal firearm availability correspond to subsequent rates of firearm and non-firearm homicide in 226 U.S. cities from 2010 through 2017. We also assess how city-level economic disadvantage conditions this relationship. Results show that greater availability of illegal guns corresponds to future rates of firearm homicide while the rate of legal firearms dealers does not significantly influence firearm homicide. The association between firearm availability and homicide is conditional upon level of structural economic disadvantage. Our findings support efforts to decrease access to illegal firearms to reduce gun violence, especially among vulnerable and disadvantaged communities.

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Section: Homicide Studies 27(2)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Firearm Availability, Homicide, and the Context of Structural Disadvantage

et al. 2021

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“…The response variable was the outcome rate, and the covariates were the intervention/control group, the before-and-after intervention indicator, their interaction, the age group and the sex (more details are in online supplemental material sMethods). The intervention effect was calculated as the exponentiated coefficient of the interaction term, defined as the ratio of rate ratios (RRR) 31…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention to face the COVID-19 pandemic in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas: difference-in-differences analysis

Batista-da-Silva

Moraes²,

Bozza

et al. 2023

BMJ Glob Health

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IntroductionFew community-based interventions addressing the transmission control and clinical management of COVID-19 cases have been reported, especially in poor urban communities from low-income and middle-income countries. Here, we analyse the impact of a multicomponent intervention that combines community engagement, mobile surveillance, massive testing and telehealth on COVID-19 cases detection and mortality rates in a large vulnerable community (Complexo da Maré) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.MethodsWe performed a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis to estimate the impact of the multicomponent intervention inMaré,before (March–August 2020) and after the intervention (September 2020 to April 2021), compared with equivalent local vulnerable communities. We applied a negative binomial regression model to estimate the intervention effect in weekly cases and mortality rates inMaré.ResultsBefore the intervention,Marépresented lower rates of reported COVID-19 cases compared with the control group (1373 vs 1579 cases/100 000 population), comparable mortality rates (309 vs 287 deaths/100 000 population) and higher case fatality rates (13.7% vs 12.2%). After the intervention,Marédisplayed a 154% (95% CI 138.6% to 170.4%) relative increase in reported case rates. Relative changes in reported death rates were −60% (95% CI −69.0% to −47.9%) in Maré and −28% (95% CI −42.0% to −9.8%) in the control group. The case fatality rate was reduced by 77% (95% CI −93.1% to −21.1%) inMaréand 52% (95% CI −81.8% to −29.4%) in the control group. The DID showed a reduction of 46% (95% CI 17% to 65%) of weekly reported deaths and an increased 23% (95% CI 5% to 44%) of reported cases inMaréafter intervention onset.ConclusionAn integrated intervention combining communication, surveillance and telehealth, with a strong community engagement component, could reduce COVID-19 mortality and increase case detection in a large vulnerable community in Rio de Janeiro. These findings show that investment in community-based interventions may reduce mortality and improve pandemic control in poor communities from low-income and middle-income countries.

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“…The above studies largely rely on observational data, precluding conclusions about how closing down noncompliant dealers could impact local homicide. In the absence of highly powered experimental data, Matthay et al (2021) recently conducted a quasi-experimental study assessing whether the opening of firearm dealers in California was associated with short-term changes in local self-harm injury rates. Using a short follow-up period within regions "exposed" to the opening of new dealers, their difference-in-difference analysis revealed little change in firearm self-harm relative to places without a new opening of a gun store.…”

Section: Previous Studies Of Ffls and Homicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Licensed firearm dealers, legal compliance, and local homicide: A case study

Stansfield

Semenza

Xu³

et al. 2023

Criminology & Public Policy

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This study uses a combination of tract-level and street network-level analyses to examine: (1) the overall association between federally licensed firearm dealers (FFLs) and homicides, (2) the relationship between dealers with serious violations (such as selling to prohibited buyers or failing to record sales) and homicide, and (3) whether the dealer-homicide association is moderated by community disadvantage. Results replicate and confirm a relationship between dealers and homicides in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Importantly, however, we also find that proximity to noncompliant dealers specifically elevates the risk of lethal violence. Policy implications: We detail how a coordinated effort between federal, state, and local agencies to regulate firearm dealers and ensure that legal compliance can be instrumental in reducing gun violence. There is a clear need for increased oversight of gun dealers and more robust policies that hold negligent dealers accountable, including the necessary funding and regulatory manpower to enable regular auditing and supportThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Associations of firearm dealer openings with firearm self-harm deaths and injuries: A differences-in-differences analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Firearm Availability, Homicide, and the Context of Structural Disadvantage

Firearm Availability, Homicide, and the Context of Structural Disadvantage

Effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention to face the COVID-19 pandemic in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas: difference-in-differences analysis

Licensed firearm dealers, legal compliance, and local homicide: A case study

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