Associations of Habitual Mineral Intake with New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes after Acute Pancreatitis

Abstract

Associations between habitual dietary intake of minerals and glucose metabolism have been extensively studied in relation to metabolic disorders. However, similar research has yet to be conducted in individuals after acute pancreatitis (AP). The main aim was to investigate the associations between habitual intake of 13 minerals and glycaemic status: new-onset prediabetes/diabetes after AP (NODAP), pre-existing prediabetes/type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and normoglycaemia after AP (NAP). Associations between the dietary intake of minerals and markers of glucose metabolism (glycated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose) were also studied. The EPIC-Norfolk food frequency questionnaire was used in a cross-sectional fashion to determine the habitual intake of 13 dietary minerals. ANCOVA as well as multiple linear regression analyses were conducted and five statistical models were built to adjust for covariates. The study included 106 individuals after AP. In the NODAP group, intake of 4 minerals was significantly less when compared with the NAP group: iron (B = −0.076, p = 0.013), nitrogen (B = −0.066, p = 0.003), phosphorous (B = −0.046, p = 0.006), and zinc (B = −0.078, p = 0.001). Glycated haemoglobin was significantly associated with iodine intake (B = 17.763, p = 0.032) and manganese intake (B = −17.147, p = 0.003) in the NODAP group. Fasting plasma glucose was significantly associated with manganese intake (B = −2.436, p = 0.027) in the NODAP group. Habitual intake of minerals differs between individuals with NODAP, T2DM, and NAP. Prospective longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials are now warranted to further investigate the associations between mineral intake and NODAP.

The Role of Copper Intake in the Development and Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

“…Interestingly, the study found that the insulin-resistant group had significantly higher total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and triglyceride and lower HDL cholesterol compared to the non-insulin-resistant group [ 21 ]. Another study by Norbitt et al used the data from the ANDROMEDA project to assess dietary intake [ 22 ]. Subjects included in the study were diagnosed with AP between 2015–2019 with the most updated international diagnosis guideline and either did or did not use anti-diabetic medication or insulin use.…”

“…The study excluded individuals with diabetes type 1 or gestational diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, intraoperative diagnosis of pancreatitis or post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. The results revealed a significant difference in the mean intake of copper between the 3 groups, as well as a significant negative association between the fasting plasma glucose and copper intake in the NAP group [ 22 ].…”

Dietary Fibre for the Prevention of Post-Pancreatitis Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of the Literature and Future Research Directions

“…Most nutrients do not exist on their own and are often combined with other nutrients or compounds in the human diet. Specifically, dietary fibre rarely appears on its own in natural food and is often present in the form of a plant cell wall with other nutrients (such as starch, vitamins, and minerals) [21,22]. The primary plant cell wall is the most common form of dietary fibre in the human diet, with a structured network of cellulose and hemicellulose embedded in a network of pectin, while the secondary plant cell wall is the less common form, which is made up of lignin and cellulose [23].…”

Relationship between Habitual Intake of Vitamins and New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes after Acute Pancreatitis

“…Nonetheless, there are no specific guidelines for optimal nutrition therapy for new-onset diabetes after AP, with patients typically receiving generalised type 2 diabetes nutrition advice focusing on macronutrient distribution, portion sizes, and intake of minimally processed foods [ 27 , 28 ]. Emerging evidence suggests a role of micronutrients, particularly mineral intake, in the development of new-onset diabetes after AP [ 29 , 30 ]. To date, intake of other micronutrients (specifically vitamin intake) has never been investigated in the context of new-onset diabetes after AP.…”