Associations of Hemoglobin Adducts of Acrylamide and Glycidamide with Prevalent Metabolic Syndrome in a Nationwide Population-Based Study

Abstract

Environmental and dietary exposures to acrylamide (AA) have been linked with various metabolic-related outcomes, but the results are mixed. However, the association between long-term exposure to AA and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between hemoglobin adducts of AA, biomarkers of internal exposure to AA, and MetS prevalence among a U.S. nationwide population. MetS patients were defined by meeting three or more of the following five characteristics: elevated blood pressure, high fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were used to analyze the associations between AA hemoglobin biomarkers and MetS prevalence. A total of 1552 MetS cases were documented. After adjustment for the potential confounders, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of MetS prevalence in the highest quartile of AA hemoglobin biomarkers were 0.60 (0.40–0.89), 1.26 (0.84–1.89), 0.93 (0.71–1.21), and 1.61 (1.18–2.20) for HbAA, HbGA, the sum of HbAA and HbGA (HbAA + HbGA), and the ratio of HbGA to HbAA (HbGA/HbAA), compared with the lowest quartile, respectively. HbAA was significantly and inversely associated with blood pressure, fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C, while the HbGA/HbAA ratio was also positively associated with abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C. The restricted cubic spline models revealed a positive relationship between the HbGA/HbAA ratio and the prevalence of MetS, while the HbAA level was inversely associated with MetS prevalence. Our current findings provided epidemiological evidence that HbAA and the HbGA/HbAA ratio were significantly associated with MetS prevalence among general U.S. adults. Further studies should be conducted to examine the association between internal exposure to AA and MetS prevalence.

High fried food consumption impacts anxiety and depression due to lipid metabolism disturbance and neuroinflammation

“…The means of dietary exposure to acrylamide were 1 and 4 μg/kg·bw/d in general populations and high consumers, respectively, concluding that acrylamide has continuously been a human health concern ( 11 ). Acrylamide intake from dietary sources has been identified as a widely concerned risk factor for neurological disorders, obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and depression symptom from epidemiological studies ( 12 – 16 ). In addition, it has been found that acrylamide has multiple toxicities, including neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity, and carcinogenicity from in vivo and in vitro studies ( 10 ).…”

Fried food consumption, genetic risk, and incident obesity: a prospective study

“…Previous epidemiological studies have supported this evidence that greater consumption of food containing a high acrylamide content was related to a higher risk of obesity and atherosclerotic lipid changes. 46,47…”

“…Previous epidemiological studies have supported this evidence that greater consumption of food containing a high acrylamide content was related to a higher risk of obesity and atherosclerotic lipid changes. 46,47 The biological mechanisms underlying the observed interactions between fried food consumption and genetic predisposition to abdominal obesity risk remain unclear. Previous studies observed that fried food consumption was correlated with poor physical activity and excessive energy intake.…”

The impact of dietary nitrates and acrylamide intake on systemic redox status in healthy young adults

“…Also, several human studies have shown a link between dietary exposure to acrylamide and various metabolic-related outcomes. Wan et al [46] reported the association between acrylamide-hemoglobin adducts, which are considered as biomarkers of acrylamide exposure, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among American adults. There is also evidence that exposure to elevated levels of acrylamide during the prenatal period resulted in increased prevalence of overweight in early childhood [47].…”