Associations of hip and thigh circumferences independent of waist circumference with the incidence of type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Study

Objective: To investigate waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio, hip circumference and body mass index (BMI) as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Aboriginal Australians. Methods: This cohort study included 836 adults aged 20-74 y in a remote Aboriginal community. WC, waist-hip ratio, hip circumference and BMI were obtained from a screening program. The participants were followed for up to 10 y for cardiovascular events. A Cox regression model was used to calculate the rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the first-ever cardiovascular event (fatal and nonfatal). Results: RRs for the first-ever cardiovascular event were 1.31 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.54), 1.29 (95% CI: 1.09,1.53), 1.28 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.52) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.30) per standard deviation increase in WC, BMI, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio, respectively, after adjustment for diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and smoking status. WC, BMI and hip circumference were significantly associated with cardiovascular risk, independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. Dividing each of the four parameters into quartiles, WC had the highest likelihood statistics (12.76) followed by BMI (11.45), hip circumference (10.57) and waist-hip ratio (3.15) for predicting first CV events. Conclusion: WC, BMI and hip circumference are associated with cardiovascular outcome, independent of traditional risk factors. However, WC appears to be a better predictor for cardiovascular risk than other parameters. Waist-hip ratio is not as useful as other measurements.

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“…This contradicts some studies (Rexrode et al, 1998;Snijder et al, 2003). Intuitively, waist-hip ratio captures body fat distribution.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Ratesmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Large hip circumference is found to be associated with a lower risk of diabetes, independent of BMI and WC (Seidell et al, 1997;Snijder et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Waist circumference, body mass index, hip circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular disease in Aboriginal people

2004

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“…Anthropometric measurements of weight (Seca balance scale; Schinkel, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands), height (Harpenden Stadiometer; Holtain, Crosswell, UK) and waist and hip circumference [28] were performed. One cannula was retrogradely placed in a heated dorsal hand vein to obtain arterialised blood.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic influences on the insulin response of the beta cell to different secretagogues

Simonis-Bik

Eekhoff

Moor³

et al. 2009

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of the present study was to estimate the heritability of the beta cell insulin response to glucose and to glucose combined with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) or with GLP-1 plus arginine. Methods This was a twin-family study that included 54 families from the Netherlands Twin Register. The participants were healthy twin pairs and their siblings of the same sex, aged 20 to 50 years. Insulin response of the beta cell was assessed by a modified hyperglycaemic clamp with additional GLP-1 and arginine. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was assessed by the euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. Multivariate structural equation modelling was used to obtain heritabilities and the genetic factors underlying individual differences in BMI, ISI and secretory responses of the beta cell. Results The heritability of insulin levels in response to glucose was 52% and 77% for the first and second phase, respectively, 53% in response to glucose+GLP-1 and 80% in response to an additional arginine bolus. Insulin responses to the administration of glucose, glucose+GLP-1 and glucose + GLP-1 + arginine were highly correlated (0.62

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“…First, whereas abdominal fat increases risk, thigh girth has been found to have a protective effect for both heart disease and type 2 diabetes. [19][20][21] Second, sagittal diameter has been found to be more strongly associated than waist circumference with visceral fat, 22,23 and likewise more closely associated with risk of the metabolic syndrome. [24][25][26][27] Collectively, these studies highlight an untapped potential of body shape indices to evaluate health status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Whole-body three-dimensional photonic scanning: a new technique for obesity research and clinical practice

2007

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Information on body shape has long been used in categorizing and monitoring obesity. Alongside abdominal circumferences, recent studies further emphasize the value of indices such as sagittal diameter adjusted for thigh girth in categorizing cardiovascular risk. Whole-body three-dimensional photonic scanning has rapidly emerged as a new technology for digital anthropometric measurement. Photonic scanners capture sophisticated raw data on body surface topography in a few seconds, from which extensive body shape information can be extracted using computer algorithms. Photonic scanning now has the potential to play a key role in (1) categorizing obesity (including childhood screening), (2) ranking abdominal size and shape in large-scale epidemiological studies, (3) monitoring individual patients to evaluate treatment efficacy and (4) estimating surface area for drug dosage calculations. New statistical modeling techniques offer the opportunity to develop novel parameters of body shape for linking with biological health outcomes. The low cost, accuracy, ease of use and high acceptability of the technique make it highly suitable for both research and clinical applications.

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Associations of hip and thigh circumferences independent of waist circumference with the incidence of type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Study

Abstract: Large hip and thigh circumferences are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, independently of BMI, age, and waist circumference, whereas a larger waist circumference is associated with a higher risk.

Cited by 414 publications

References 28 publications

Waist circumference, body mass index, hip circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular disease in Aboriginal people

Waist circumference, body mass index, hip circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular disease in Aboriginal people

Genetic influences on the insulin response of the beta cell to different secretagogues

Whole-body three-dimensional photonic scanning: a new technique for obesity research and clinical practice

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