Associations of hippocampal metabolism and regional brain grey matter in neuroleptic-naïve ultra-high-risk subjects and first-episode schizophrenia

Medial Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate Is Reduced in Schizophrenia and Moderated by Measurement Quality: A Meta-analysis of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies

“…S1 in Supplement), 86 datasets from 57 studies reporting brain glutamate were included in the final sample. Of these, 36 reported on the mPFC (including the ACC) (9-13, 25-53) and 11 reported on the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f hippocampus (27,29,47,(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60). Regions totaling < 10 datasets included the thalamus (9 datasets), dorsolateral PFC (8 datasets), striatum (5 datasets), frontal white matter (4 datasets), occipital cortex (4 datasets), and other regions with ≤ 2 datasets (Table S2).…”

Structural and functional imaging markers for susceptibility to psychosis

“…Markers of glutamatergic neurotransmission such as glutamate and glutamine [generated from glutamate in glia cells [ 126 ]] have also been reported to show regional abnormalities in CHR patients, with reduced concentrations in the thalamus [ 93 , 127 – 129 ] and elevated concentrations in the prefrontal cortex [ 129 , 130 ] and the striatum [ 131 ]; the latter finding was associated with later transition. With respect to the hippocampus, findings are inconsistent [ 129 , 132 , 133 ]. However, a small study reported a negative association between hippocampal glutamate levels and striatal DOPA uptake in CHR patients ( n = 16), which was not present in the healthy control sample ( n = 12) and predicted on a trend level later transition to psychosis [ 132 ].…”

Evidence for regional hippocampal damage in patients with schizophrenia

“…Schizophrenia patients showed positive correlation between Glu/tCr ratio and hippocampal volume in the hippocampus. Few studies have shown the correlation of metabolic and structural measures in the hippocampus of schizophrenia patients [19,33]. Kragulic et al have shown negative correlation between hippocampal VBM measure and Glx/tCr in unmedicated schizophrenia patients but not in healthy controls [19].…”

“…Kragulic et al have shown negative correlation between hippocampal VBM measure and Glx/tCr in unmedicated schizophrenia patients but not in healthy controls [19]. Nenadic et al provided evidence of a structural impact on different brain regions in relation to hippocampal Glu and NAA levels and demonstrates that these associations are different between ultra-high risk and first-episode schizophrenia [33]. In line with these studies, our findings suggest an association between structural deficits and metabolic alterations in the hippocampus in patients with schizophrenia.…”