Associations of Maternal Prenatal Smoking with Early Childhood Physical Aggression, Hyperactivity-Impulsivity, and Their Co-Occurrence

Huijbregts, Stephan C. J.; Séguin, Jean R.; Zoccolillo, Mark; Boivin, Michel; Tremblay, Richard E.

doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9126-3

Cited by 13 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Research has linked maternal prenatal smoking to early childhood physical aggression (Huijbregts, Séguin, Zoccolillo, Boivin, & Tremblay, 2007;Tremblay et al, 2004) and to other externalizing (Orlebeke, Knol, & Verhulst, 1997) and disruptive behavior problems (Wakschlag, Leventhal, Pine, Pickett, & Carter, 2006). Maternal prenatal smoking has also been associated with CD in school-aged children and adolescents (Fergusson, Woodward, & Horwood, 1998;Wakschlag & Hans, 2002) and violent and repeated offending in adults (Räsänen et al, 1999).…”

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“…Maughan et al (2004) pointed out that a number of these studies were possibly limited because they only took into account antisocial behavior of one parent (usually the mother), and because they controlled only for relatively extreme indicators of parental antisocial behavior. Nonetheless, when less extreme antisocial behaviors of both parents were taken into account, there was still a residual independent effect of maternal prenatal smoking on offspring physical aggression (Huijbregts et al, 2007;Tremblay et al, 2004) or antisocial behavior (Maughan et al, 2004).Development of psychopathology involves a complex set of interactions between biological, family, and social risk factors (Cicchetti & Cannon, 1999;Raine, 2002). Testing for such interactions is important both methodologically, because sole use of covariates could mask key effects, and developmentally, because specific combinations of adverse conditions early in life might increase risk for persistent antisocial behavior beyond the simple sum of such risk factors (Raine, 2002 (Wakschlag, & Hans, 2002).…”

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This study investigated joint effects of maternal prenatal smoking and parental history of antisocial behavior on physical aggression between ages 17 and 42 months in a population sample of children born in Québec (N = 1,745). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant main effects of maternal prenatal smoking and a significant interaction between maternal prenatal smoking and mother's history of antisocial behavior in the prediction of children's probability to display high and rising physical aggression. The interaction indicated that the effects of heavy smoking during pregnancy (≥10 cigarettes/day) were greater when the mother also had a serious history of antisocial behavior. The effects remained significant after the introduction of control variables (e.g., hostile-reactive parenting, family functioning, parental separation/divorce, family income, and maternal education). Another significant interaction not accounted for by control variables was observed for maternal prenatal smoking and family income, indicating more serious effects of maternal prenatal smoking under relatively low-income, conditions. Both interactions indicate critical adversities that, in combination with maternal prenatal smoking, have supraadditive effects on (the development of) physical aggression during early childhood. These findings may have implications for the selection of intervention targets and strategies.Physical aggression is present in the majority of young children and it decreases with age as emotion regulation skills and alternative conflict-resolution strategies emerge, aided by development of language and cognitive abilities (Tremblay, 2000;Tremblay & Nagin, 2005). However, it is also clear that those children who show the highest levels of physical aggression during early childhood are most at risk of chronic physical aggression throughout childhood (Côté, Vaillancourt, LeBlanc, Nagin, & Tremblay, 2006; NICHD Early Child Care Research Network, 2004), followed by serious violent and nonviolent delinquency during adolescence (Broidy et al., 2003;Nagin & Tremblay, 1999). Recent studies show that children with early, persistent aggression show not only more externalizing problems at CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscriptfollow-up but also more internalizing and peer problems (e.g., depression, loneliness, poor friendship quality) compared with children on the lower and desisting aggression trajectories (Campbell, Spieker, Burchinal, Poe, & The NICHD Early Child Care Research Network, 2006). It is therefore important to determine which factors or combinations of factors predict consistently high physical aggression during early childhood.Research has linked maternal prenatal smoking to early childhood physical aggression (Huijbregts, Séguin, Zoccolillo, Boivin, & Tremblay, 2007;Tremblay et al., 2004) and to other externalizing (Orlebeke, Knol, & Verhulst, 1997) and disruptive behavior problems (Wakschlag, Leventhal, Pine, Pickett, & Carter, 2006). Maternal prenatal smoking...

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“…15 There is substantial comorbidity between the DBD symptoms from early childhood onward, [16][17][18][19] and strong overlap between their early family risk factors. [20][21][22][23] Therefore, in our review, we examine the prevention of all 3 DBDs.…”

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Childhood Disruptive Behaviour Disorders: Review of Their Origin, Development, and Prevention

Petitclerc

Tremblay

2009

Can J Psychiatry

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Objective:To review preventive studies of disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs) in light of recent empirical knowledge on their development. Method:We draw on the results of longitudinal studies of children starting in infancy to examine the onset, development, and risk factors for DBD symptoms. We review randomized controlled trials of preventive interventions provided to families before the child is aged 3 years, with reported outcome measures of DBD symptoms at follow-up. Results:Children who present high levels of DBD symptoms start to do so in the first 2 years of life and have risk factors that can be identified in the mother during pregnancy or even earlier, and shortly after the child's birth. Most preventive experiments have started relatively late after birth and have targeted parenting, with weak effects on children's DBDs. Preventive experiments that have provided intensive intervention to at-risk mothers starting during pregnancy have shown important effects in reducing key risk factors and some of the most severe consequences of DBDs. However, even those experiments have not succeeded in preventing childhood DBDs in the home and school contexts. Conclusions:We suggest adopting a sequential, multitarget, intergenerational, experimental approach both to increase our knowledge about causal mechanisms and to increase our effectiveness in curbing DBDs and their serious lifelong consequences.Can J Psychiatry. 2009;54(4):222-231. Clinical Implications· Potentially alterable risk factors for child DBDs are identifiable in the mothers before, during, or shortly after pregnancy. · Serious consequences of DBDs can be prevented when interventions start during pregnancy and target multiple risk factors. Limitations· More experimental preventive interventions are needed during pregnancy and early childhood to understand causal mechanisms and effective interventions. · Experiments need to focus on the interplay between genes and environment, especially environmental effects on gene expression.

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“…The impact of such chemical intoxication is not restricted to the human body development but goes beyond that, affecting the emotional, mental functioning of the organism. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a risk for abortion (Castles, Adams, Melvin, Kelsch, & Boulton, 1999), preterm delivery (Castles et al, 1999;Kaddar et al, 2009;Shah & Bracken, 2000), respiratory disease (Cook & Strachan, 1999), immune system difficulties such as asthma and allergies (Prescott & Clifton, 2009), and cancer later in life (Doherty, Grabowski, Hoffman, Ng, & Zelikoff, 2009), alterations to the development and function of the placenta (Einarson & Riordan, 2009), delayed psychomotor and mental developmental scores as measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Kiechl-Kohlendorfer et al, 2010), may negatively impact a child's future speech and language development (Benasich & Tallal, 2002;Kable et al, 2009;Molfese, 2000), is responsible for physical aggression during early childhood (Huijbregts, Seguin, Zoccolillo, Boivin, & Tremblay, 2007;2008). Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is connected with parental smoking (Flemming & Blair, 2015).…”

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The Contribution of Prenatal Psychology to Our Understanding about Prenatal Dynamics and Fetal Behaviour

Gouni¹,

Sekulić²,

Topalidou³

2016

JPR

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Research in the prenatal human experience has very clearly shown that whatever mother experiences all her life until conception and even more impactfully during conception and pregnancy passes down to the child she is pregnant with.Modern Biology has shown that environmental information and the perception that governs this environment gets encoded in the cell consciousness. A simple thought or act can upset or stabilize the whole planet or... fetal existence.Subtle differences in the motivation of our choices may have the power to bring about radically different conditions in the process of events. A simple thought of fear can lead to a trauma, a disease, a holocaust while a simple thought of compassion can take humanity out of the platonic cave into the healing light of creation. Is there anything we can do?Can we learn from what we already know about prenatal dynamics and move on to design and implement salutogenic processes for the benefit of all involved? The paper will attempt to show the most important findings about prenatal dynamics and fetal existence and how they are connected with our postnatal health and wellbeing from the times of Freud and especially his students who took psychoanalysis from the childhood to birth experience and then to pregnancy and conception and beyond.

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Associations of Maternal Prenatal Smoking with Early Childhood Physical Aggression, Hyperactivity-Impulsivity, and Their Co-Occurrence

Cited by 13 publications

References 56 publications

Maternal prenatal smoking, parental antisocial behavior, and early childhood physical aggression

Maternal prenatal smoking, parental antisocial behavior, and early childhood physical aggression

Childhood Disruptive Behaviour Disorders: Review of Their Origin, Development, and Prevention

The Contribution of Prenatal Psychology to Our Understanding about Prenatal Dynamics and Fetal Behaviour

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