Associations of neighborhood disadvantage and offender concentration with criminal behavior: Between-within analysis in Finnish registry data

Airaksinen, Jaakko; Aaltonen, Mikko; Tarkiainen, Lasse; Martikainen, Pekka; Latvala, Antti

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101813

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Several social, physical, and resource-based factors inherent to neighborhoods (eg, crime, cohesion among neighbors, presence of toxicants, access to libraries, school quality) change the nature of a child’s interaction with their environment, 70 which could explain neighborhood-associated alterations in sociocognitive functions. 63 , 71 , 72 For example, higher crime rates in poorer neighborhoods 31 , 32 could contribute to increased stress, 33 which is linked with executive function. 73 , 74 Neuroimaging investigations have examined whether and which of these proximal factors may be associated with brain alterations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Namely, we hypothesized that because parent educational attainment is posited to play a role in shaping sources of cognitive stimulation and language input and complexity, 24 , 30 it would be independently associated with the structure of temporal regions. In addition, because neighborhood disadvantage can be associated with increased stress in children (eg, due to exposure to violent crime), 31 , 32 , 33 it may be independently associated with the morphology of brain regions involved in the body’s stress response (eg, medial prefrontal cortex). 34 , 35 Finally, although we expected interactions between the SES indicators (eg, that high parent or caregiver income and educational attainment would mitigate the effects of living in a poor neighborhood), we did not make specific hypotheses about which brain regions would be implicated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Parent Income and Education, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Child Brain Structure

2022

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Key Points Question What are the associations of parent or caregiver educational attainment, income-to-needs ratio, and neighborhood disadvantage (and their interactions) with brain structure in children? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 8862 children aged 9 to 10 years, different indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) had distinct correlations with children’s brain structure. Thus, high income-to-needs ratios may play a protective role in the context of low neighborhood SES and parent or caregiver educational attainment. Meaning The results of this study suggest that different facets of the socioeconomic context are independently and synergistically associated with child brain structure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Parent Income and Education, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Child Brain Structure

2022

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“…In general, children who live in highly deprived neighborhoods have been found to have less supportive social environments for physical activity compared to children who live in more a uent areas [47]. This may be due to the fact that highly deprived neighborhoods are usually characterized as neighborhoods with higher crime rates,, [48,49] which does not foster a safe and encouraging environment for outdoor activities [50]. Further, children who live in highly deprived areas, experience higher food insecurity compared to children living in low deprived areas [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Matters: An Exploration of Neighborhood-Level Disadvantage and Cancer Protective Behaviors in Hispanic Youth with Unhealthy Weight

Lovan,

Graefe,

Porter

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the relationships between youth CPB (i.e., healthy dietary intake and physical activity), neighborhood influences measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), parent stress, and parent socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., education, household income, and marital status) among Hispanic families who have youth with unhealthy weight. Additionally, we examined whether parent stress mediated the relationship between youth ADI and CPB. Methods: Baseline data from 280 Hispanic youth (Mage = 13.01 ± 0.83; 52.1% females; MBody Mass Index (BMI) Percentile = 94.55 ± 4.15) and their parents (Mage = 41.87 ± 6.49; 88.2% females) who enrolled in an RCT were used. Self-reported data on youth dietary intake and physical activity, parent stress, and parent socio-demographic characteristics were collected. Neighborhood impact was examined using ADI, a validated measure to classify neighborhood disadvantage (e.g., housing quality and neighborhood income) using data from the US Census Bureau. Structural Equation Modeling was used to evaluate the study model. Results: Our findings indicated significant associations between ADI and youth CPB (b = -0.17, p = .019), and parent stress (b = 0.23, p = .001). However, parent stress did not mediate the relationship between youth ADI and CPB. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Hispanic youth living in disadvantaged neighborhoods may be less likely than youth in non-disadvantaged neighborhoods to engage in CPB. Future research should evaluate neighborhood resources to encourage physical activity and healthy eating.

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“…A substantial portion of animal crime in the U.S. is associated with urban crime in areas characterized by concentrated racial segregation and disadvantage. Recent research in Finland that combines individual and community-level factors (e.g., economic disadvantage) finds that individual-level factors are more important, but not exclusive, determinants of criminal activity (Airaksinen et al, 2021). While this may also be the case for animal crime, further research is needed, ideally requiring largescale individual-level data that includes measures of offenses against animals, as well as other offenses, background characteristics, and community structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of Community-Level Correlates of Animal Welfare Offenses and Violent Crime in Finland

2022

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There is very little research that provides a truly sociological assessment of the structural correlates of animal crime. There is also no comparative, community-level research on animal crimes in countries other than the U.S. In this exploratory study, we examine correlates of animal crime across Finland. Taking advantage of Finnish data on reported animal crime for 294 municipalities over a 10-year period, we (1) compare community-level predictors of violent and animal crime and (2) examine whether there is a relationship between violent crime and animal crime. While several economic, structural, and cultural variables are related to violent crime, we find that poverty is a common correlate of both violent and animal crime in Finland. We also find that, in contrast to the U.S., violent crime and animal crime are not related in Finland at the community level. We discuss implications for future research and the ways animal crime differs in the U.S. and Finland.

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Associations of neighborhood disadvantage and offender concentration with criminal behavior: Between-within analysis in Finnish registry data

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Assessment of Parent Income and Education, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Child Brain Structure

Assessment of Parent Income and Education, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Child Brain Structure

Neighborhood Matters: An Exploration of Neighborhood-Level Disadvantage and Cancer Protective Behaviors in Hispanic Youth with Unhealthy Weight

An Examination of Community-Level Correlates of Animal Welfare Offenses and Violent Crime in Finland

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