Associations of Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Hippocampal Gray Matter Volume in Children with Overweight/Obesity

Migueles, Jairo H; Cadenas‐Sanchez, Cristina; Esteban‐Cornejo, Irene; Torres-Lopez, Lucia V.; Aadland, Eivind; Chastin, Sébastien; Erickson, Kirk I.; Catena, Andrés; Ortega, Francisco B.

doi:10.3390/jcm9041080

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Leppänen et al 6 also confirmed that higher levels of VPA and MVPA at the age of 4.5 year were associated with improved CRF 12 months later in unadjusted and adjusted models. Lack of significant associations between MVPA at the age of 6.6 year with the number of laps in the 20‐m shuttle run test, after controlling for confounders in our study could be attributed to the method we applied for calculating the average daily values of time spent in the zones of physical activity [(weekdays*5 + weekends*2)/7], 17 since the we run as well the analysis with arithmetic means and found similar associations between MVPA at 6.6 year with later CRF (data not shown) as in the study conducted by Leppänen et al 6 Therefore, we can summarize that particularly a more intensive type of PA is associated with higher CRF in children. In addition, we found out that as opposed to the counteraction of LPA, setting SB as exposure did not attenuate the positive impact of VPA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Associations between physical activity, body composition, and physical fitness in the transition from preschool to school

Reisberg

Riso

Jürimäe

2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Physical activity (PA) and physical fitness are essential for normal growth, development and general health in childhood, and are important mediators of the enhancement of health-related quality of life and cognition. 1 Childhood obesity is increasing in prevalence all over the world, 2 and as related to accompanying psychological and cardiorespiratory complications, has become a major health, psychosocial, and economic concern. 3 It has been proposed that a high level of physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with lower risks of future overweight, fatness, and metabolic syndrome. 4 Physical fitness has been considered to counteract some of the adverse effects of adiposity on health. 5 Observing associations of PA and physical fitness with body composition during childhood would explain the determinants of PA and physical fitness in preadolescence. Accompanying the transition from early to middle childhood are substantial changes in children's educational and recreational circumstances which may affect PA levels. 6,7 It is likely that the preschool environment influences the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Total awake wear time (AWT) was calculated as the sum of SB, LPA, MPA, and VPA 6 . The average daily values of time spent in each PA zone were calculated as (weekdays*5 + weekends*2)/7 17 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between physical activity, body composition, and physical fitness in the transition from preschool to school

Reisberg

Riso

Jürimäe

2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep have been associated with gray matter volume in specific brain areas, which may explain, in part, their associations with academic achievement, executive function, and intelligence 10‐14 . In children with overweight/obesity, we found a moderator effect of weight status on the association of physical activity and gray matter volume in the hippocampus 12 . Additionally, Esteban‐Cornejo et al found that cardiorespiratory fitness (which can be effectively modified through physical activity) is associated with gray matter volume in seven different brain regions important for academic achievement (eg, premotor cortex, supplementary motor cortex and hippocampus) 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Pediatric obesity is associated with a fragmented and unstable activity‐rest pattern 5 and impaired brain health in children 11,12,15 (Figure 1 shows an unstable/fragmented [participant 1] and a stable/non‐fragmented [participant 2] pattern examples). Thus, the study of children with overweight/obesity should consider appropriate activity‐rest patterns in the design of interventions to benefit their physical and brain health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity‐rest circadian pattern and academic achievement, executive function, and intelligence in children with obesity

Migueles

Martínez-Nicolás

Cadenas‐Sanchez

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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This study aimed to analyze the associations of activity‐rest pattern indicators with academic achievement, executive function, and intelligence and to explore whether these associations are mediated by the total gray matter volume among children with overweight/obesity. Ninety‐five children (10 ± 1 year, 37 girls) with overweight/obesity (based on the World Obesity Federation body mass index cutoff points) were included in this cross‐sectional study. Hip‐ and wrist‐worn ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometers were used to assess the activity‐rest pattern. Interdaily stability (IS), intradaily variability (IV), the mean value of the lowest 5 hours (L5), and the mean value of the maximum 10 hours (M10) of activity and their respective timing (TL5, TM10) were used as indicators of the activity‐rest pattern throughout the day. Chronotype and social jetlag were used as indicators of circadian preference. Academic achievement, executive function, and intelligence were assessed with standardized tests. Gray matter volume was acquired by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). IS was positively associated with executive function (β = 0.244, P = .014). IV was negatively associated with mathematics and academic applications (β: −0.211 to −0.238, P’s ≤ .026). Later TM10 in the day was related to lower writing, academic skills, and intelligence (β: −0.229 to −0.271, P’s ≤ .025). None of the associations found were mediated by gray matter volume. A non‐fragmented and stable activity‐rest pattern and earlier physical activity in the day were associated with better academic achievement, executive function, and intelligence in children with overweight/obesity. Further studies are required to corroborate or contrast our findings.

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Relationships between physical activity, healthy eating and cortical thickness in children and young adults

Angelo

DeFendis

Yau

et al. 2022

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Prior neuroimaging studies have shown associations between healthy lifestyle factors and cortical thickness measurements; however, results on the direction of the association between cortical thickness, a measure of gray matter width, and healthy lifestyle factors have been inconsistent. While the majority of studies were performed in older adults within speci c weight status categories, little has been reported in younger populations with a range of adiposity, including groups with healthy-weight, overweight and obesity. Here we investigated relationships between indices of physical activity (PA) and healthy eating with cortical thickness in children and young adults and examined whether these relationships differed by weight status and age groups.Study participants included 119 young adults and 159 children. We hypothesized that greater levels of PA and/or healthy eating index (HEI) composite scores would be positively associated with cortical thickness across age groups, and that this association would differ in overweight or obese groups versus normal weight groups. Overall PA (minutes/day) was assessed using 24-hour PA recalls. HEI was calculated to assess diet quality. A structural MRI was performed, and FreeSurfer 6.0 was used to assess cortical thickness in 68 regions of interest (ROI). Mixed effects modeling was performed to investigate associations of PA or HEI with cortical thickness. FDR corrections were applied for multiple ROIs. PA was positively associated with cortical thickness in the caudal middle frontal cortex (FDR adjusted p = 0.042) and cuneus cortex (FDR adjusted p = 0.017), after controlling for sex, age group and weight status. When strati ed by age, in young adults, higher time spent in PA was associated with greater cortical thickness in the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortex, after adjusting for sex and weight group (FDR adjusted ps < 0.05). No signi cant associations between PA and cortical thickness were observed in children. No signi cant associations between HEI and cortical thickness were observed. These results indicate that higher time spent in PA is associated with greater cortical thickness, a relationship that appears to be stronger during young adulthood and may be related to more favorable brain health outcomes.

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Associations of Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Hippocampal Gray Matter Volume in Children with Overweight/Obesity

Cited by 24 publications

References 54 publications

Associations between physical activity, body composition, and physical fitness in the transition from preschool to school

Associations between physical activity, body composition, and physical fitness in the transition from preschool to school

Activity‐rest circadian pattern and academic achievement, executive function, and intelligence in children with obesity

Relationships between physical activity, healthy eating and cortical thickness in children and young adults

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