Associations of Objectively Measured Vigorous Physical Activity With Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Health in Youth: A Review

Gralla, Morgan; McDonald, Samantha; Breneman, Charity B.; Beets, Michael W.; Moore, Justin B.

doi:10.1177/1559827615624417

Cited by 63 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Physical activity is also a strong predictor of physical fitness [34], which is a key indicator of physical health during MS. Other research has suggested that physical activity dampens the inflammatory processes in the body [34]. Higher-intensity physical activity confers greater health benefits, such as reduced body fat and central adiposity, and higher cardiovascular fitness in youth, compared with lower-intensity activity [35]. In the current study, 55.3% of all conscripts had an adequate level of MVPA, but this percentage was lower in those rejected for MS (47.4%) than in those enlisted (63.1%) into MS.…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Behaviors and Psychological Distress Among Conscripts of the Lithuanian Military Service: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study

Miežienė

Emeljanovas

Česnaitienė

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The decline in healthy behavior in young people is a concern for public health in general and for country’s defense. The aim of this study is to identify and compare health behaviors and psychological distress between male conscripts enlisted and rejected for military service. This cross-sectional study included 1243 men aged 19–26 years (mean age 22.50 ± 2.43 years). We assessed health behaviors (physical activity, adherence to healthy eating patterns, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption) and psychological distress. Among all conscripts, 44.7% were physically inactive, 50.2% had low adherence to healthy nutrition, 9.6% were heavy drinkers, 62.3% were current smokers, and 9.1% had high psychological distress level. Compared with physically inactive conscripts, physically active conscripts were more likely to be enlisted (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–2.03). Compared with current nonsmokers, current smokers were less likely to be enlisted (OR = 0.58; CI 0.39–0.86). Compared with conscripts with a high distress level, those with a low distress level were almost four times more likely to be enlisted (OR = 0.26; 95% CI 0.12–0.55). Adherence to guidelines for healthy eating and alcohol consumption was not significantly related to enlistment. These findings suggest that health behaviors in male conscripts are unsatisfactory. That is, about half are physically inactive, have a poor diet, and smoke, and nearly one in 10 is a heavy drinker and has a high psychological distress level. The enlisted conscripts were more likely to be sufficiently physically active and less likely to be a current smoker or have a high distress level. Early intervention programs to provide a heathier population of young men for conscription should focus on mental well-being and target health-related behaviors such as physical activity and not smoking. Preferably, these should be implemented as health education programs in schools to help prevent the development of adverse health behaviors among young men. Governmental policies and strategies are required to enable intersectional collaboration and shared responsibility among the education, military and health sectors.

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Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Behaviors and Psychological Distress Among Conscripts of the Lithuanian Military Service: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study

Miežienė

Emeljanovas

Česnaitienė

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…It appears moderate to vigorous PA rather than light PA is more strongly associated with sustained health, fitness and well-being in children 1 3 34 35. Indeed, a recent study reported reallocation of sedentary time to light or moderate PA was not associated with improved CRF whereas vigorous PA was 20.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

One-year surveillance of body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness in UK primary school children in North West England and the impact of school deprivation level

Mann

Wade²,

Jones

et al. 2019

Arch Dis Child

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ObjectivesCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is independently associated with health and academic attainment in childhood and adolescence. Yet overweight/obesity remains the focus in public health policy. Surveillance of body mass index (BMI) and CRF considering school deprivation levels is limited. Therefore, we examined this in English primary schools.MethodsParticipants (n=409) were students (9–10 years) from 13 schools. BMI and CRF (20 m shuttle run) were measured at three time points across the academic year and a fourth after summer recess.ResultsBMI z-scores significantly decreased (p=0.015) from autumn (z=0.336 (95% CI 0.212 to 0.460)) to spring (z=0.252 (95% CI 0.132 to 0.371)), and then significantly increased (p=0.010) to summer (z=0.327 (95% CI 0.207 to 0.447)). CRF significantly increased (p<0.001) from autumn (z=0.091 (95% CI −0.014 to 0.196)) to spring (z=0.492 (95% CI 0.367 to 0.616)), no change (p=0.308) into summer (z=0.411 (95% CI 0.294 to 0.528)) and a significant decrease (p<0.001) into the following autumn term (z=0.125 (95% CI 0.021 to 0.230)). BMI was unaffected by deprivation; however, pupils from the most deprived areas saw significantly greater reductions in CRF compared with pupils from affluent areas. No time, or deprivation level, by sex interactions were found.ConclusionSignificant reductions in children’s CRF occurred over the summer recess and were greater among children from schools in the most deprived areas. This may help inform future research into interventions targeting physical activity of schoolchildren, particularly over the summer recess.

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“…It appears moderate-vigorous PA rather than light PA is more strongly associated with sustained health, fitness, and wellbeing in children [1,3,34,35]. Indeed, a recent study reported reallocation of sedentary time to light or moderate PA was not associated with improved CRF whereas vigorous PA was [20].…”

Section: Discussion Main Findings -Bmi Crf and Deprivation Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Year Surveillance of Body Mass Index and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Primary School Children in North West England and the Impact of School Deprivation Level

Mann¹,

Wade²,

Jones³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Objectives: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is independently associated with health and academic attainment in childhood and adolescence. Yet overweight/obesity remain the focus in public health policy. Surveillance of BMI and CRF considering school deprivation levels is limited. Therefore, we examined this in English Primary Schools. Methods: Participants (n=409) were students (9-10 years), from 13 schools. BMI and CRF (20 m shuttle-run) were measured at three time-points across the academic year and a fourth after summer recess. Results: BMI z-scores significantly decreased (p = 0.015) from autumn (z = 0.336 [CI 0.212 to 0.460]) to spring (z = 0.252 [CI 0.132 to 0.371]), and then significantly increased (p = 0.010) to summer (z = 0.327 [CI 0.207 to 0.447]). CRF significantly increased (p < 0.001) from autumn (z = 0.091 [CI -0.014 to 0.196]) to spring (z = 0.492 [CI 0.367 to 0.616]), no change (p = 0.308) into summer (z = 0.411 [CI 0.294 to 0.528]), and a significant decrease (p < 0.001) into the following autumn term (z = 0.125 [CI 0.021 to 0.230]). BMI was unaffected by deprivation; however, pupils from the most deprived areas saw significantly greater reductions in CRF compared with pupils from affluent areas. Conclusion: Significant reductions in children’s CRF occurred over the summer recess and was greater among children from schools in the most deprived areas. This may help inform future research into interventions targeting physical activity of school children, particularly over the summer recess.

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Associations of Objectively Measured Vigorous Physical Activity With Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Health in Youth: A Review

Cited by 63 publications

References 79 publications

Health Behaviors and Psychological Distress Among Conscripts of the Lithuanian Military Service: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study

Health Behaviors and Psychological Distress Among Conscripts of the Lithuanian Military Service: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study

One-year surveillance of body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness in UK primary school children in North West England and the impact of school deprivation level

One Year Surveillance of Body Mass Index and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Primary School Children in North West England and the Impact of School Deprivation Level

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