Associations of Physical Activity and β-Amyloid With Longitudinal Cognition and Neurodegeneration in Clinically Normal Older Adults

Rabin, Jennifer S.; Klein, Hannah L.; Kirn, Dylan; Schultz, Aaron P.; Yang, Hyun‐Sik; Hampton, Olivia L.; Jiang, Shu; Buckley, Rachel F.; Viswanathan, Anand; Hedden, Trey; Pruzin, Jeremy J.; Yau, Wai‐Ying Wendy; Guzmán-Vélez, Edmarie; Quiroz, Yakeel T.; Properzi, Michael J.; Marshall, Gad A.; Rentz, Dorene M.; Johnson, Keith A.; Sperling, Reisa A.; Chhatwal, Jasmeer P.

doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1879

Cited by 115 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Interestingly, we suggested that more average step counts per day instead of longer walking distance or higher burned calories were associated with better cognition. The finding of importance of step counts is in consistent one recent study demonstrating that physical activity of steps measured by pedometer is associated with amyloid-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration (Rabin et al, 2019).…”

Section: Average Step Counts Per Day and Cognitionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Chang

2020

ASN Neuro

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Physical exercise has been associated with enhanced memory formation and consolidation in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between objective neuropsychological performances and continuously recorded physical activity. A cutoff value of measured physical activity was used to differentiate early-stage and late-stage MCI. Fifty-four patients with MCI were included. The relationship between cognitive function and measures of daily activity measured by continuous three-axis accelerometers in Xiaomi Mi Band, including subject-level average step counts, average distance (kilometers), and average calorie expenditure per day of 7-day activity, was determined. The slope of the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the measures of activity to draw comparisons between early-stage MCI and late-stage MCI. The patients were assessed by using several cognitive tests such as Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument and Chinese Version Verbal Learning Test. The multivariate linear regression model indicated a significant correlation of higher average step counts per day of 7-day activity (aver-step-counts) with higher score in visual construction (b ¼ 0.355; p ¼ .015). To differentiate patients with late-stage MCI from those with early-stage MCI, the cutoff value of 6,284 steps on aver-step-counts showed an optimal sensitivity and specificity (Youden index ¼ 0.36, area under the curve ¼ 0.651, p ¼ .042). The aver-step-counts showed a significantly better differentiating rate between patients with early-stage and late-stage MCI than average calorie expenditure per day of 7-day activity did (p ¼ .046). Accelerometerdetermined measures of activity patterns show as potential measurement to reflect cognitive function.

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Section: Average Step Counts Per Day and Cognitionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Chang

2020

ASN Neuro

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“…Further, we believe that investigating the maintenance of brain structure and function in the presence of pathologies is an important area of research. For example, exercise may help maintain brain structure and cognition in the face of amyloid [12]. This notion is different from "general" brain maintenance [4] and refers to the maintenance of specific brain processes (see also [5,6]).…”

Section: Lifespan and Cognitive Aging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the resistance and resilience framework for aging and dementia studies

Arenaza‐Urquijo

Vemuri

2020

Alz Res Therapy

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Background: The "resistance vs resilience" to Alzheimer's disease (AD) framework (coping vs avoiding) has gained interest in the field in the last year. In this viewpoint, our effort is (i) to provide clarity to the usage of the framework in the context of the ATN (amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration) system as well as in lifespan and cognitive aging studies and (ii) to discuss the challenges of matching these concepts to specific biological mechanisms. Main body: In the context of the ATN system, the main goal of the resistance vs resilience framework is to make a fundamental distinction between risk factors that may help halt the development of AD pathologies (AT) ("resistance") vs delay processes downstream to AT, i.e., neurodegeneration (N) and the clinical expression of the disease ("resilience"). The process of resilience in dementia and aging research should be envisioned as a process that is developed over the lifespan. Greater neurobiological capital to start with (initial brain reserve), maintaining brain structure and function (brain maintenance), or greater adaptability of cognitive strategies to perform a task (cognitive reserve) could all contribute to higher resilience to pathologies later in life. Simply put, resilience is not only a response to pathological processes (i.e. increased brain function to compensate for increasing AD pathology) but also reflects individual differences in brain structure and function that can be built over the lifespan (e.g., through education, lifetime cognitive, and physical activities). Further, the resistance vs resilience terminology can be extended to study other pathological processes such as cerebrovascular lesions, Lewy body disease, or TDP-43. However, some challenges do exist: (i) when studying multiple neuropathologies, the study design and framework will drive the usage of terminology; (ii) it is unavoidable that the measurements of resilience (brain structure and function) will reflect both the effect of pathologies and the impact of several risk and protective factors throughout the lifespan. Therefore, identifying resilience brain markers across lifespan, aging, and dementia studies, notably with longitudinal study designs, will be an important step towards understanding mechanisms of action.Conclusions: While the field advances towards consensus definitions of existing concepts, the resistance vs resilience terminology may provide clarity in the communication of results in aging and dementia studies as well as provide a framework for the development of both hypotheses and study designs.

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“…At a molecular level, exercise produces changes in molecular growth factors such as brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which plays a crucial role in neuroplasticity and neuroprotection, and increases the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), involved in both neurogenesis and angiogenesis [43]. Animal and human studies suggest that greater engagement in physical activity may preserve cortical gray matter structure and slow the accumulation of Aβ and tau burden [44].…”

Section: (B) Physical Exercise and Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of physical exercise and rehabilitation in delirium

et al. 2020

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Key summary pointsAim Analyze the intersections between delirium, physical exercise and rehabilitation, to better understand their interrelation and to visualize future lines of research. Findings Delirium and physical function are closely related, since physical dysfunction is described as a risk factor and as a symptom of delirium, and there are also short-and long-term functional consequences related to delirium. Furthermore, physical therapy strategies included in multicomponent interventions to prevent delirium, have shown to be effective in managing delirium. Another important risk factor for delirium is frailty, that given its condition of being reversible basically through rehabilitation programs, begins to play an important role in the prevention and management of delirium, although more studies are needed. Message Although delirium is catalogued as a neurocognitive disorder, scientific evidence shows that it is also a motor disorder. The motor component of delirium should be taken into account when designing interventions or strategies to address delirium. These interventions may have a special importance in frail older adults. AbstractPurpose This article aims to analyze the intersections between delirium, physical exercise and rehabilitation, to better understand their interrelation and to visualize future lines of research. Methods In this narrative review, after an overview of brain neurophysiology and function, as common substrates to understand the relationship between delirium and physical function, we explore the scientific evidence in: (1) physical dysfunction as a risk factor for delirium; (2) physical dysfunction as a symptom of delirium and (3) functional consequences related to delirium. Later, we analyze the physical therapy as one of the main strategies in multicomponent interventions to prevent delirium, by examining intervention studies including rehabilitation, which have shown to be effective in managing delirium. Finally, we analyze how frailty, delirium and physical exercise interact with each other. Results This review confirms the close relationship between delirium and physical dysfunction; therefore, it is not surprising that physical exercise is widely used in delirium preventive strategies. Although delirium is catalogued as a neurocognitive disorder, scientific evidence shows that it is also a motor disorder, which is to be expected, since a vast body of literature already supports an interaction between motor and cognitive function. Conclusion The motor component of delirium should be taken into account when designing interventions or strategies to address delirium. These interventions may have a special importance in frail older adults.

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Associations of Physical Activity and β-Amyloid With Longitudinal Cognition and Neurodegeneration in Clinically Normal Older Adults

Cited by 115 publications

References 52 publications

Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Improving the resistance and resilience framework for aging and dementia studies

The role of physical exercise and rehabilitation in delirium

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