Associations of retinal microvascular caliber with large arterial function and structure: A population‐based study of 11 to 12 year‐olds and midlife adults

Liu, Mengjiao; Lycett, Kate; Wong, Tien Yin; Grobler, Anneke; Juonala, Markus; He, Miao; Dwyer, Terry; Burgner, David; Wake, Melissa

doi:10.1111/micc.12642

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Likewise, we found a smaller size of associations with these geometric parameters than we have previously reported for retinal microvascular caliber in the same cohort. 13,14 This might reflect lower reliability in geometric parameters than calibers. 28 Longitudinal studies with repeated measurements of both cardiovascular risk factors and retinal parameters across different life Formatted: Subscript stages could clarify the relationships and inform the usefulness of the geometric measures of retinal vasculature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the national, population-based Child Health CheckPoint study nested within the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), we previously reported that retinal microvascular caliber was associated with body mass index (BMI), a chronic inflammation marker (Glycoprotein acetyls, GlycA), and phenotypes of large arterial function and structure in 11-12 year-olds. 13,14 We now investigate whether retinal geometric parameters (considered here to be 'outcomes') show similar associations in the same cohort, and therefore whether they provide additional information about the early development of CVD risk beyond microvascular caliber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiovascular health and retinal microvascular geometry in Australian 11–12 year-olds

Liu

Lycett

Wake

et al. 2020

Microvascular Research

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Traditional retinal microvascular parameters (smaller arteriolar and greater venular calibre) are associated with cardiovascular risk factors, pre-clinical vascular phenotypes and clinical cardiovascular events in adults. Although novel retinal microvascular geometric parameters showed analogous associations in adults, less is known whether these parameters are associated with cardiovascular health from childhood. In a population-based cross-sectional study in children (n=1126, mean age 11.4 years, 50.3% girls), we examined associations of cardiovascular risk factors and pre-clinical arterial phenotypes with retinal geometric parameters. Cardiovascular parameters included body mass index (BMI), an inflammatory marker (GlycA), lowdensity lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure, large artery functional (pulse wave velocity, PWV and carotid arterial elasticity) and structural (carotid intima-media thickness) phenotypes.Retinal geometric parameters (fractal dimension (Df) and tortuosity) were quantified from retinal images. Multivariable regression models were performed and adjusted for potential confounders. Higher values for BMI, SBP and PWV showed weak associations with lower (i.e. worse) arteriolar but not venular Df (standardized mean difference (SMD) ranging from -0.06 to -0.09, 95% CIs -0.13 to -0.01). Higher HDL was associated with greater arteriolar Df (SMD 0.07, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.13). Only higher SBP was associated with higher (i.e. worse) arteriolar but not venular tortuosity (SMD 0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.16). In generally healthy children, some risk factors and pre-clinical arterial phenotypes show small associations with retinal geometric parameters. In childhood, emerging relationships between microvascular parameters and cardiometabolic risk may be better described by retinal vascular calibre than by geometric parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular health and retinal microvascular geometry in Australian 11–12 year-olds

Liu

Lycett

Wake

et al. 2020

Microvascular Research

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Randomized 20-year infancy-onset dietary intervention, life-long cardiovascular risk factors and retinal microvasculature

Repo,

Juonala,

Niinikoski

et al. 2024

European Heart Journal

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Background and Aims Retinal microvasculature characteristics predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study investigated associations of lifelong cardiovascular risk factors and effects of dietary intervention on retinal microvasculature in young adulthood. Methods The cohort is derived from the longitudinal Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project study. The Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project is a 20-year infancy-onset randomized controlled dietary intervention study with frequent study visits and follow-up extending to age 26 years. The dietary intervention aimed at a heart-healthy diet. Fundus photographs were taken at the 26-year follow-up, and microvascular measures [arteriolar and venular diameters, tortuosity (simple and curvature) and fractal dimensions] were derived (n = 486). Cumulative exposure as the area under the curve for cardiovascular risk factors and dietary components was determined for the longest available time period (e.g. from age 7 months to 26 years). Results The dietary intervention had a favourable effect on retinal microvasculature resulting in less tortuous arterioles and venules and increased arteriolar fractal dimension in the intervention group when compared with the control group. The intervention effects were found even when controlled for the cumulative cardiovascular risk factors. Reduced lifelong cumulative intake of saturated fats, main target of the intervention, was also associated with less tortuous venules. Several lifelong cumulative risk factors were independently associated with the retinal microvascular measures, e.g. cumulative systolic blood pressure with narrower arterioles. Conclusions Infancy-onset 20-year dietary intervention had favourable effects on the retinal microvasculature in young adulthood. Several lifelong cumulative cardiovascular risk factors were independently associated with retinal microvascular structure.

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Associations of retinal microvascular caliber with large arterial function and structure: A population‐based study of 11 to 12 year‐olds and midlife adults

Cited by 2 publications

References 37 publications

Cardiovascular health and retinal microvascular geometry in Australian 11–12 year-olds

Cardiovascular health and retinal microvascular geometry in Australian 11–12 year-olds

Randomized 20-year infancy-onset dietary intervention, life-long cardiovascular risk factors and retinal microvasculature

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