Associations of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity With Metabolic Syndrome Considering Both Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength

Abstract

Objectives:We investigated the associations of sarcopenia-defined both in terms of muscle mass and muscle strength-and sarcopenic obesity with metabolic syndrome.Methods:Secondary data pertaining to 309 subjects (85 men and 224 women) were collected from participants in exercise programs at a health center in a suburban area. Muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and muscle strength was measured via handgrip strength. Sarcopenia based on muscle mass alone was defined as a weight-adjusted skeletal muscle mass index more than two standard deviations below the mean of a sex-specific young reference group (class II sarcopenia). Two cut-off values for low handgrip strength were used: the first criteria were <26 kg for men and <18 kg for women, and the second criteria were the lowest quintile of handgrip strength among the study subjects. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as the combination of class II sarcopenia and being in the two highest quintiles of total body fat percentage among the subjects. The associations of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity with metabolic syndrome were evaluated using logistic regression models.Results:The age-adjusted risk ratios (RRs) of metabolic syndrome being compared in people with or without sarcopenia defined in terms of muscle mass were 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.47, p=0.008) in men and 1.12 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.19, p<0.001) in women, which were found to be statistically significant relationships. The RRs of metabolic syndrome being compared in people with or without sarcopenic obesity were 1.31 in men (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.56, p=0.003) and 1.17 in women (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.25, p<0.001), which were likewise found to be statistically significant relationships.Conclusions:The associations of sarcopenia defined in terms of muscle mass and sarcopenic obesity with metabolic syndrome were statistically significant in both men and women. Therefore, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity must be considered as part of the community-based management of non-communicable diseases.

Association between obesity with low muscle mass and dialysis mortality

“…Loss of muscle mass and gain of body fat with ageing may potentiate each other and maximise their effects on physical inactivity . Moreover, obesity with low muscle mass was associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance; thus, obesity with low muscle mass might be predictive for mortality even in those without DM . In this study, we demonstrated obesity with low muscle mass was a predictor for dialysis mortality regardless of other anthropometric parameters in women.…”

“…Internal Medicine Journal 47 (2017) 1282-1291 © 2017 Royal Australasian College of Physicians might be predictive for mortality even in those without DM. 32,33 In this study, we demonstrated obesity with low muscle mass was a predictor for dialysis mortality regardless of other anthropometric parameters in women. Body composition parameters might provide survival information for those on maintenance dialysis.…”

“…The associations between sarcopenic obesity and metabolic syndrome were significant in both men and women. On the other hand, the associations between sarcopenic obesity and disability, as well as mortality, were only significant in older women . Severe muscle mass reduction among women might be explanatory.…”

Muscle radiodensity and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer

“…Sarcopenia has been predictive of higher mortality in many cancers, including CRC, as was observed in our recent study. 23 Sarcopenia also has been related to higher systemic inflammatory response, 16,19,34 metabolic dysregulation, [38][39][40] and postsurgical complications, 14 and the effects of each of these muscle abnormalities appear to be independent predictors of outcomes in patients with CRC.…”

Metabolic Dysfunction, Obesity, and Survival Among Patients With Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer

“…However, BMI cannot distinguish between fat and lean mass, which exert differing influences on metabolic dysregulation 35 and cancer survival. 36,37 In the current study, adjustment for muscularity strengthened associations.…”