Associations of short-term exposure to air pollution and emergency department visits for pediatric asthma in Shanghai, China

Exploring short term spatio-temporal pattern of PM2.5 and PM10 and their relationship with meteorological parameters during COVID-19 in Delhi

“…Thus, the outbreak of COVID-19 provided an opportunity to understand the impact of lockdown on environmental pollution level. Recently, a number of studies were performed observing the assessment of air quality after the outbreak of COVID-19 across the world ( He et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2020b ; Watts and Kommenda, 2020 ; Cadotte, 2020 ; Ogen, 2020 ; Coccia, 2020 ). In these studies, it was documented that the air pollution levels substantially declined due to outbreak of COVID-19, particularly because of lockdown.…”

“…In previous literature, it was recognized that climatic conditions were one of the significant predictors of corona-virus illnesses because meteorological conditions (such as wind speed, temperature, humidity) play a vital role in transmitting infectious disease ( Dalziel et al, 2018 ; Yuan et al, 2006 ). Recent studies were performed to find out the relationship between meteorological parameters (such as air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) and COVID-19 across the world ( Xie and Zhu, 2020 ; Yongjian et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2020b ; Wang et al, 2020a ; Auler et al, 2020 ; Ma et al, 2020 ; Gupta et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020a ; Wu et al, 2020b ; Jiang and Xu, 2020 ). Most of these studies have reported that there was a significant association between meteorological parameters and COVID-19.…”

Impact of exposure to ambient air pollutants on the admission rate of hospitals for asthma disease in Shiraz, southern Iran

“…The NO 2 gas acts as a basic proxy for traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and is the main part of urban air pollution, primarily caused by the combustion of fossil fuels, and yet, traffic and road pollution were correlated with up to 80% of atmospheric NO 2 in cities. The involvement of exposure to NO 2 in pediatric asthma is due largely to the activation of innate immune responses (Liu et al, 2020).…”

“…The impact of exposure to O 3 on pediatric asthma is complex, as O 3 can function in two opposite ways, in that O 3 has both inflammatory and antiviral effects. Ozone via the production of oxygen radicals increases oxidative stress, inflammation, and epithelial cell damage, which may cause asthma exacerbation, whereas O 3 has also been observed to be protective from some respiratory viral infections, which is an initial precipitating factor for pediatric asthma (Liu et al, 2020). Based on the effect of air pollutants in warm weather on Australian children in a specific period, it has been expressed that ozone has the greatest a five-day cumulative effect and enhanced 11.7% (95% CI 5.8e17.9%) the HAAD risk for children per 10 ppb increase in the ozone level (Chen et al, 2016).…”

“…Based on Pierangeli et al (2020) study, the number of asthma cases attributable to NO 2 and PM 2.5 (percentage of total cases) in Barcelona estimated to be 454 (18%) and 478 (19%), respectively. The relationship between short-term exposure to air pollutants (PM 2.5 , NO 2 , SO 2 , and O 3 ) and the increase of asthma exacerbations among children has been revealed (Liu et al, 2020). This investigation was aimed to estimate asthma disease as a cause of admission to hospitals due to exposure to O 3 , NO 2 , and SO 2 contaminants in Shiraz, Iran.…”