Associations of sleep patterns with metabolic syndrome indices, body composition, and energy intake in children and adolescents

Mi, Sarah J.; Kelly, Nichole R.; Brychta, Robert J.; Grammer, Anne Claire; Jaramillo, Manuela; Chen, Kong Y.; Fletcher, Laura; Bernstein, Shanna; Courville, Amber B.; Shank, Lisa M.; Pomeroy, Jeremy; Brady, Sheila M.; Broadney, Miranda M.; Tanofsky‐Kraff, Marian; Yanovski, Jack A.

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12507

Cited by 48 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…In agreement with our findings, He et al found that high variability in sleep duration, but not mean sleep duration, was associated with greater central adiposity [18]. However, we did not find an association between average bedtime and blood pressure, as demonstrated by Mi, et al in a group of mostly younger adolescents (12.4 ± 2.6 y) [17]. It is also worth noting that our Icelandic cohort was generally lean, with a 12% prevalence of overweight and obesity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not observe a relationship between mean bedtime or average sleep duration and metabolic risk factors. While a number of previous studies have noted a positive association between self-reported short sleep and obesity in adolescents [32], some more recent studies find a lack of this relationship while measuring sleep with actigraphy [17, 18]. In agreement with our findings, He et al found that high variability in sleep duration, but not mean sleep duration, was associated with greater central adiposity [18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, emerging evidence suggests that sleep quality [13–15] and timing may also affect adolescent cardiometabolic risk factors [7]. For instance, later bedtimes are associated with greater BMI [10, 16], body fat [11] and higher systolic blood pressure in children and adolescents [17]. Markers of irregular sleep schedules, such as high variability in sleep duration or greater shifts in sleep timing and duration on weekends, have also been associated with greater adiposity and abdominal obesity [18, 19] and higher BMI and insulin levels [20] in children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Less physical activity and more varied and disrupted sleep is associated with a less favorable metabolic profile in adolescents

Rögnvaldsdóttir

Brychta

Hrafnkelsdóttir

et al. 2020

Preprint

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24Background 25 Sleep and physical activity are modifiable behaviors that play an important role in preventing 26 overweight, obesity, and metabolic health problems. Studies of the association between 27 concurrent objective measures of sleep, physical activity, and metabolic risk factors among 28 adolescents are limited. 29 Objective 30The aim of the study was to examine the association between metabolic risk factors and 31 objectively measured school day physical activity and sleep duration, quality, onset, and 32 variability in adolescents. 34 We measured one school week of free-living sleep and physical activity with wrist actigraphy 35 in 252 adolescents (146 girls), aged 15.8±0.3 years. Metabolic risk factors included body mass 36 index, waist circumference, total body and trunk fat percentage, resting blood pressure, and 37 fasting glucose and insulin levels. Multiple linear regression adjusted for sex, parental 38 education, and day length was used to assess associations between metabolic risk factors and 39 sleep and activity parameters. 33 Materials and Methods40 Results 41On average, participants went to bed at 00:22±0.88 hours and slept 6.2±0.7 hours/night, with 42 0.83±0.36 hours of awakenings/night. However, night-to-night variability in sleep duration 43 (0.87±0.57 hours) and bedtime (0.79±0.58 hours) was considerable. Neither average sleep 44 duration nor mean bedtime was associated with any metabolic risk factors. However, greater 45 night-to-night variability in sleep duration was associated with higher total body (β=1.9±0.9 3 46 %/h, p=0.03) and trunk fat percentage (β=1.6±0.7 %/h, p=0.02), poorer sleep quality (more 47 hours of awakening) was associated with higher systolic blood pressure (β=4.9±2.2 mmHg/h, 48 p=0.03), and less physical activity was associated with higher trunk fat percentage (p=0.04) and 49 insulin levels (p=0.01). 50 Conclusion 51Greater nightly variation in sleep, lower sleep quality, and less physical activity was associated 52 with a less favorable metabolic profile in adolescents. These findings support the idea that, 53 along with an adequate amount of sleep and physical activity, a regular sleep schedule is 54 important to the metabolic health of adolescents. 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 4 70 71The prevalence of overweight in the world has nearly tripled from 1975-2016, with over 72 39% of adults and 18% of children and adolescents being overweight or obese [1]. Greater total 73 body and central adiposity is associated with increased risk of cardio-metabolic comorbidities, 74 such as hypertension and diabetes [2, 3]. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high among 75 obese children and adolescents and increases with higher central obesity [4]. Along with diet, 76 sleep and physical activity have been identified as important modifiable risk factors implicated 77 in the development of overweight, obesity, and metabolic health problems [5]. 78 The importance of adequate sleep for health and daily functioning in adolescents is well 79 established [...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Less physical activity and more varied and disrupted sleep is associated with a less favorable metabolic profile in adolescents

Rögnvaldsdóttir

Brychta

Hrafnkelsdóttir

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Laboratory studies in adults have shown that short sleep duration could affect appetite regulation through relevant hormonal change, specifically leptin and ghrelin . This may cause excessive food intake and eventually increase energy intake, which has been found in epidemiological studies in both school‐aged and preschool‐aged children . On the other hand, short total sleep duration may also contribute to increased adiposity by reducing energy expenditure .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cross‐sectional and prospective associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity in toddlers: Results from the GET UP! Study

et al. 2019

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Summary Background The associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity in children under three years are not fully understood yet. Objective The objective of the study is to examine the cross‐sectional and prospective associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity in toddlers over a 12‐month period. Methods Participants were 202 toddlers from the GET‐UP! Study. Sleep duration, sleep timing, and sleep variability were assessed using 24‐hour accelerometry for seven consecutive days. Height and weight were measured, and BMI z scores were calculated. Linear mixed models were performed to examine the cross‐sectional and prospective associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity, with adjustments for clustering effects and demographic factors. Results Total sleep duration was negatively associated with higher adiposity cross‐sectionally (B = −0.12; 95% CI: −0.23, −0.01; .033) but not prospectively (B = 0.01; 95% CI: −0.13, 0.10; .843). Nap duration was prospectively associated with higher levels of adiposity (B = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.68; .003). Sleep variability and sleep timing were not associated with concurrent or subsequent adiposity. Conclusion Although sleep duration is an important factor associated with obesity in toddlerhood, the potential effects of different types of sleep duration may vary. While longer total sleep duration may protect children from increasing adiposity, longer nap duration seems to be risk factor. As evidence in this age group is scarce, more research is needed to confirm this finding.

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“…Poor sleep has been linked to an increased risk of obesity among children and adults [109][110][111][112]. There is also some evidence that short sleep length is associated with unhealthy diet and eating patterns that favor energy dense foods, such as fast food and candy, in children and adolescents [113,114]. A recent study found that shorter sleep duration (<8 h) in adolescents is related to an increased consumption of fats and a decreased intake of carbohydrates that may predispose them to an increased risk of obesity [115].…”

Section: Sleep and The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on the Associations between Health Behaviors and Brain Health in Children and Adolescents with Special Reference to Diet Quality

Naveed

Lakka

Haapala

2020

IJERPH

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Unhealthy diet has been associated with overweight, obesity, increased cardiometabolic risk, and recently, to impaired cognition and academic performance. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the associations between health behaviors and cognition and academic achievement in children and adolescents under 18 years of age with a special reference to diet quality. Dietary patterns with a low consumption of fish, fruits, and vegetables, and high in fast food, sausages, and soft drinks have been linked to poor cognition and academic achievement. The studies on the associations between the high intake of saturated fat and red meat and low intake of fiber and high-fiber grain products with cognition are limited. The available evidence and physiological mechanisms suggest that diet may have direct, indirect, and synergistic effects on brain and cognition with physical activity, sedentary behaviors, cardiometabolic health, and sleep, but the associations have been modest. Therefore, integrating a healthy diet, physically active lifestyle, and adequate sleep may provide optimal circumstances for brain development and learning. We conclude that most of the existing literature is contained in cross-sectional studies, which therefore highlights the need for longitudinal and intervention studies on the effects of diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep on cognition and academic performance.

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Associations of sleep patterns with metabolic syndrome indices, body composition, and energy intake in children and adolescents

Cited by 48 publications

References 46 publications

Less physical activity and more varied and disrupted sleep is associated with a less favorable metabolic profile in adolescents

Less physical activity and more varied and disrupted sleep is associated with a less favorable metabolic profile in adolescents

The cross‐sectional and prospective associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity in toddlers: Results from the GET UP! Study

An Overview on the Associations between Health Behaviors and Brain Health in Children and Adolescents with Special Reference to Diet Quality

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