Associations of smoking with cardiometabolic profile and renal function in a Romanian population-based sample from the PREDATORR cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: The impact of smoking on morbidity is well known, but in Romania, limited data are available regarding the smoking prevalence and relationship with cardiometabolic profile and kidney function.Objectives: To assess the association of smoking with cardiometabolic traits and kidney function, in a Romanian population-based sample from the PREDATORR study.Methods: PREDATORR was an epidemiological cross-sectional study. Between 2012 and 2014, participants were randomly selected from the lists of general practitioners and enrolled if they were aged 20 to 79 years, born and living in the past 10 years in Romania. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires.Results: Overall, 2704 participants were included in the analysis, 18% of them being current smokers and 30.8% former smokers. Current smokers compared to non-smokers had higher total cholesterol (220.6 ± 50.4 versus 213.9 ± 86.8 mg/dl, P = 0.017), LDL-cholesterol (137.8 ± 45.2 versus 130.7 ± 83.7 mg/dl, P = 0.004) and glomerular filtration rate (96.9 ± 16.8 versus 90.7 ± 19.1 ml/min/1.73 m2, P <0.001) in women and higher triglycerides (170.7 ± 129.8 versus 144.3 ± 94.2 mg/dl, P = 0.007), glomerular filtration rate (97.6 ± 17 versus 90.3 ± 18 ml/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.001) and lower HDL-cholesterol (48 ± 15.5 versus 50.4 ± 14.1 mg/dl, P = 0.002) in men. Active smoking was associated with hypercholesterolaemia [OR: 1.40 (95% CI: 1.01–1.96), P = 0.04] and low HDL-cholesterolaemia [OR: 1.39 (95% CI: 1.01–1.91), P = 0.04] and negatively associated with overweight/obesity [OR: 0.67 (95% CI: 0.48–0.94), P = 0.02]. Male former smokers had higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (82.4% versus 76.4%, P = 0.02), hypertriglyceridaemia (43.6% versus 35.6%, P = 0.01), hypertension (64% versus 56.4%, P = 0.01) and ischaemic vascular disease (40.5% versus 30.9%, P = 0.003) than male non-smokers.Conclusion: The PREDATORR study showed a high prevalence of smoking in the adult Romanian population providing data on the association of smoking with cardiometabolic traits.

Gender‐biased kidney damage in mice following exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke: More protection in premenopausal females

“…In CS‐exposed male group, however, glomerular hypertrophy was absent with a significant decrease in Bowman's space area, suggestive of potential glomerular collapse and an advanced stage of kidney damage than CS‐exposed female group. Multiple studies have documented the direct effect of CS and nicotine on intraglomerular pressure, glomerular hyperfiltration, and Bowman's space dilatation and are in line with our general observation (Guberina et al, ; Hammer, Cohen, Levi, & Krause, ; Jin et al, ; Maeda et al, ; Noborisaka, ; Popa et al, ; Tobar et al, ; Yoon et al, ). Proximal tubular dilatation was also assessed in this study given its link to glomerular hyperfiltration and the fact that tubular epithelial cells express nAChR subunits in addition to their sensitivity to toxic metabolites (Arany, Carter, Hall, Fulop, & Dixit, ; Kim et al, ; Tobar et al, ).…”

Associations of Chronic Diabetes Complications and Cardiovascular Risk with the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

“…Furthermore, taking into account the fact that studies assessing the links between OSA and smoking status are controversial [ 52 , 53 , 54 ], we also tried to identify whether, in our study population, there was a relationship between smoking and OSA risk. An important percentage of patients with T2DM included in the study were active (13.8%) or former (18.7%) smokers, comparable to the high prevalence of active smokers (18%) and former smokers (30.8%) estimated in the adult Romanian population by the PREDATORR epidemiological study [ 55 ]. With regard to the relationships between smoking status and both fatal and nonfatal CHD 10-year risk in patients with T2DM, we found statistically significant associations, as was expected and reported by other studies [ 56 , 57 ].…”

Associations of lifestyle and dietary habits with hyperlipidemia in Lebanon

“…[40] On the contrary, in a Romanian population, current smokers appear to have a worse lipid profile in both men and women. [41] Contrary to cholesterol's and TG's prevalence, LDL-C was more prevalent in females than males. This may be due to the higher BMI in females [ Table 1].…”