Associations of the age of menarche and menopause with hypertension in menopausal women in Rasht, Iran in 2020-2021

Abstract

Background A woman's age of menarche as well as her age of menopause are two important points in her reproductive life. Furthermore, hypertension (HTN) is one of the important causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as death, and has been considered as a public health issue all around the world. The current study aims at investigating the association of the age of menarche and menopause with HTN in menopausal women. Methods The participants who took part in this cross-sectional study included 1500 postmenopausal women. Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (BHPAQ), blood sample and blood pressure (BP) data were analyzed. The researchers examined the association using logistic regression. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS v.21 software. The significance level was considered P<0.05 for all the tests. Results Results was seen between the age of menarche and systolic BP (Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, r=0.086, p=0.001). No significant relationship was observed between the age of menarche and menopause with the chance of high BP in postmenopausal women. A significant relationship was reported between the age of menarche and systolic BP in postmenopausal women. The level of cholesterol (P<o/oo1) and LDL (P<o/oo1) had a positive effect on increasing systolic BP. However, FBS had a negative effect on increasing BP. Conclusions These results suggested that the associations of age at menarche with hypertension could be reduced by factors related to place of residence in Iran and knowledge of the association between age at menarche and living in urban areas, number of children, cholesterol levels, LDL, and FBS in women help prevent the development of hypertension.

Biosocial predictors and blood pressure goal attainment among postmenopausal women with hypertension

“…The risk of cardiovascular disease in women can be associated with age at menarche (36). According to a Chinese study, the average age at menarche was 15.5 years.…”