Associations of Urban Built Environment with Cardiovascular Risks and Mortality: a Systematic Review

Lai, Ka Yan; Webster, Chris; Gallacher, John EJ; Sarkar, Chinmoy

doi:10.1007/s11524-023-00764-5

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Access to urban green spaces has been suggested to be beneficial to mental health [ 3 ] and cognitive function [ 4 ], as well as to reduce cardiovascular morbidity [ 5 , 6 ], prevalence of type 2 diabetes [ 5 ], fatigue [ 7 ], and mortality [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to urban green spaces and use of social services and institutional long-term care among older people in Malmö, Sweden: a longitudinal register study

Axmon,

Mattisson,

Lethin

et al. 2024

BMC Geriatr

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Background Finding ways to prolong independence in daily life among older people would be beneficial for both individuals and society. Urban green spaces have been found to improve health, but only a few studies have evaluated the association between urban green spaces and independence in daily life. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effect of urban green spaces on independence in daily life, using social services and support, mobility aids, and relocation to institutional long-term care as proxies, among community dwelling people 65 + years. Methods We identified 40 357 people 65 + years living in the city of Malmö, Sweden in 2010. Using geographical information systems (GIS), we determined the amount of urban green spaces (total, public, and quiet) within 300 m of each person’s residence. All three measures were categorized based on their respective percentiles, so that the first quartile represented the 25% with the least access and the fourth quartile the 25% with the most access. In 2015 and 2019, we assessed the outcomes minor assistance (non-personal support), major assistance (personal support), and relocation into institutional long-term care. These three outcome measures were used as proxies for independence in daily life. The effect of amount of urban green spaces in 2010 on the three outcomes in 2015 and 2019, respectively, was assessed by pairwise comparing the three highest quartiles to the lowest. Results Compared to the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of quiet green spaces in 2010 were less likely to receive minor assistance in both 2015 and 2019. Besides this, there were no indications that any of the measures of urban green space affected independence in daily life at the five- and nine-year follow-up, respectively. Conclusion Although urban green spaces are known to have positive impact on health, physical activity, and social cohesion among older people, we found no effect of total, public, or quiet green spaces on independence in daily life. This could possibly be a result of the choice of measures of urban green spaces, including spatial and temporal aspects, an inability to capture important qualitative aspects of the green spaces, or the proxy measures used to assess independence in daily life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to urban green spaces and use of social services and institutional long-term care among older people in Malmö, Sweden: a longitudinal register study

Axmon,

Mattisson,

Lethin

et al. 2024

BMC Geriatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is extensive research demonstrating the negative impacts of urban risk factors, such as AP and lifestyle, on VA and CVD [5]. The current review expanded this field by exploring the role of GM within this relationship, highlighting multiple mechanisms and pathways that may account for the association (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, emerging evidence demonstrates that antioxidant-rich diets and supplements can combat the oxidative stress induced by AP, with some promise in preventing and reversing its effect on VA [89]. Seeking out green spaces provides an opportunity for physical activity, social cohesion, and recovery from physiological stress within an environment with less air pollution, noise, and heat [13], which is beneficial for GM composition [85] and VA [5]. Interestingly, even if green spaces are limited, the positive effects of physical exercise outweigh the harmful effects of AP on VA [90].…”

Section: A Paradigm Shift In Research and Public Health: Moving Towar...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urbanisation impacts the environmental risk factors that we are exposed to on several levels, altering surrounding ecosystems, lifestyle, and social factors, whilst being exposed to new physical-chemical elements [2], the sum of these environmental factors is known as the exposome [3,4]. These urban-related factors have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [5], which are the leading cause of illness and death worldwide [6]. The rising rates of CVD, in part due to an ageing population and the epidemiological transition, are increasing the burden on healthcare and the economy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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