Associations to contextual stimuli as a determinant of long-term habituation.

Marlin, Nancy A.; Miller, Ralph R.

doi:10.1037/0097-7403.7.4.313

Cited by 96 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, dependency on environmental invariance is a necessary but not a sufficient condition. Indeed, views other than Wagner's theory also predict context specificity insofar as they consider the stimulus to be habituated as a complex stimulus that includes the contextual background (see, e.g., Marlin & Miller, 1981). Therefore, the following experiments were aimed at testing other predictions of the associative theory by contrasting them with those of the nonassociative view.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absence of an effect may be due to any number of reasons. For example, the environmental change may not have been discriminable by the subject (Marlin & Miller, 1981). Alternatively, the chosen parameter of the background may have been an irrelevant cue in the contextual memory (Davis & File, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Explicitly, it should be expected, first, that there will be a response level at test of the noncontingent-untrained group that is lower than that of the standard-untrained one, and, second, that there wi IIbe no difference between noncontingent groups. In contrast, ifthe nonassociative model of habituation is adopted (see, e.g., Kom & Moyer, 1966;Marlin & Miller, 1981), the response level ofthe noncontingent-trained group is expected to be lower than that of the noncontingent-untrained group, because its performance is assumed to be under the impact of both the contextual memory effect and LTH.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the US was now considered a complex of tonic and phasic cues, and response decrement to the US was considered to reflect habituation to the context plus habituation to the phasic stimulus (Korn & Moyer, 1966;Marlin & Miller, 1981). However, the increasing relevance ofcontext to habituation reached its zenith in the associative theory of habituation (Wagner, 1976(Wagner, , 1978(Wagner, , 1979.…”

Section: General Methods Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Context-us association as a determinant of long-term habituation in the crabChasmagnathus

Tomsic

Pedreira

Romano

et al. 1998

Animal Learning & Behavior

108

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An opaque screen moving overhead elicits an escape response in the crab Chasmagnathus that habituates for a long period after just a few presentations. A series of experiments was performed to determine whether the crab's long-term habituation (LTH) is mediated by an association between contextual cues and the eliciting stimulus, Chasmagnathus failed to exhibit LTH when a visual cue in the experimental environment was changed between training and testing, In addition, long-term exposure to the context in the absence ofthe eliciting stimulus impaired LTH, both when the exposure preceded the habituation training (latent inhibition) and when the exposure came after the training (extinction), Long exposure to the context alone prior to training also produced a decrease in responsiveness to the eliciting stimulus, which confirmed previous results. However, both effects of long exposure were only manifested when the crabs spent a period of time between exposure and testing out of the experimental context. The results of this paper are interpreted as supporting the view that Chasmagnathus LTH can be understood largely by Wagner's associative theory of habituation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Methods Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Context-us association as a determinant of long-term habituation in the crabChasmagnathus

Tomsic

Pedreira

Romano

et al. 1998

Animal Learning & Behavior

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous studies (e.g. Marlin & Miller 1981;Hall & Channell 1985;Hall & Honey 1989;Honey et al 1992) have concluded that, unlike phenomena such as latent inhibition (e.g. Kaye et al 1987) and possibly even conditioning itself (Hall & Honey 1989), habituation does appear to transfer successfully to a different test context (i.e.…”

Section: Oliver Burman and Michael Mendlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of conspecific odors by laboratory rats ( Rattus norvegicus) does not show context specificity.

Burman

Mendl²

2002

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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This experiment investigated how contextual cues affect recognition of conspecific odors in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). Rats received 5 encounters with the same odor in the same context. For the 6th test encounter, all rats received a simultaneous presentation of the original odor and a novel odor. The authors tested 1 group of rats (context same) in the same context as before. For the remaining 2 groups, the test encounter was in a different context that 1 group (context different) had experienced but that 1 group (context novel) had not. A significant preference to investigate the novel odor by context-same and context-different rats, but not by context-novel rats, suggests that odor recognition can occur following transfer to a different, but familiar, test context, indicating a lack of context specificity.

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Conditioning and Learning

Miller

Grace

2003

Handbook of Psychology

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The empirical laws of Pavlovian conditioning are summarized for situations with two stimuli and for situations with more than two stimuli. Factors considered include stimulus salience, genetic and experiential predispositions, contiguity, stimulus similarity, contingency, mimetic and compensatory responding, and stimulus generalization. Also reviewed are the consequences of introducing a third stimulus, which include stimulus competition, interference, facilitation, and summation, as well as positive and negative mediation. At the theoretical level, the critical assumptions and variables of acquisition‐focused and performance‐focused models are examined with special attention to retrospective revaluation. Additionally, the basic laws of instrumental responding are summarized with attention to the law of effect, the three‐term contingency, and schedules of reinforcement. Associative structures underlying instrumental responding are also considered, as are hierarchical associations and incentive learning. Finally, a functional analysis of instrumental conditioning is provided with special attention to choice behavior and the matching law, as well as ecological and economic considerations.

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Associations to contextual stimuli as a determinant of long-term habituation.

Cited by 96 publications

References 43 publications

Context-us association as a determinant of long-term habituation in the crabChasmagnathus

Context-us association as a determinant of long-term habituation in the crabChasmagnathus

Recognition of conspecific odors by laboratory rats ( Rattus norvegicus) does not show context specificity.

Conditioning and Learning

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