Associative memory improvement after 5 days of magnetic stimulation: A replication experiment with active controls

Gao, Xiaoran; Hua, Qiang; Du, Rongrong; Sun, Jinmei; Hu, Tianzheng; Yang, Jinying; Qiu, Bensheng; Ji, Gong‐Jun; Wang, Kai

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147510

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For instance, a survey of research groups found that approximately 50% were not able to reproduce rTMS effects from original publications and a recent investigation by Héroux et al (2015) reported significant changes in functional connectivity (FC) following multi-day rTMS of the parietal cortex but no AM enhancement (Hendrikse et al, 2020). Similarly, we found no significant difference in AM following once-daily rTMS sessions for 5 days compared to a sham group (Gao et al, 2021). Collectively, these inconsistencies suggest that rTMS efficacy for improving AM is highly dependent on stimulus protocol (e.g., stimulus intensity, duration), target, study design, and (or) treatment group characteristics.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…However, the improvement in the twice-daily real stimulation group was not significant after multiple comparisons correction. Furthermore, the twice-daily protocol was not superior to the once-daily sessions previously reported by Gao et al (2021). When combining the twice-and once-daily rTMS data to enlarge sample size, the group by time interaction effect showed better AM improvement in the real than sham group, and the post hoc analysis in real group survived the multiple comparisons correction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

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Efficacy of twice-daily high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on associative memory

Hua

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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ObjectivesSeveral studies have examined the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on associative memory (AM) but findings were inconsistent. Here, we aimed to test whether twice-daily rTMS could significantly improve AM.MethodsIn this single-blind, sham-controlled experiment, 40 participants were randomized to receive twice-daily sham or real rTMS sessions for five consecutive days (a total of 16,000 pulses). The stimulation target in left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) exhibiting peak functional connectivity to the left hippocampus was individually defined for each participant. Participants completed both a picture-cued word association task and Stroop test at baseline and 1 day after the final real or sham rTMS session. Effects of twice-daily rTMS on AM and Stroop test performance were compared using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance with main factors Group (real vs. sham) and Time (baseline vs. post-rTMS).ResultsThere was a significant Group × Time interaction effect. AM score was significantly enhanced in the twice-daily real group after rTMS, but this difference could not survive the post hoc analysis after multiple comparison correction. Further, AM improvement in the twice-daily real group was not superior to a previously reported once-daily rTMS group receiving 8,000 pulses. Then, we combined the twice- and once-daily real groups, and found a significant Group × Time interaction effect. Post hoc analysis indicated that the AM score was significantly enhanced in the real group after multiple comparisons correction.ConclusionOur prospective experiment did not show significant rTMS effect on AM, but this effect may become significant if more participants could be recruited as revealed by our retrospective analysis.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Efficacy of twice-daily high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on associative memory

Hua

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In this study, we found that the suboptimal targets in the IPL approached the optimal targets gradually as the scanning duration increased. The minimum scanning duration (6 min for connectivity strength and 8 min for distance) has been achieved in most studies (Freedberg et al, 2019;Gao et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2014). Therefore, the results indicated that scanning duration may not be the major factor for the variability in the previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The left parietal cortex and its connectivity with the hippocampus are involved in different degrees of memory function (Ciaramelli et al, 2020;Paz-Alonso et al, 2013). Several studies have applied rTMS to locations with the strongest FC with the hippocampus within the lateral parietal cortex to investigate the changes of associative memory in normal subjects (Gao et al, 2021;Hendrikse et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2014). Nevertheless, these results were inconsistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minimal scanning duration for producing individualized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation targets

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2022

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Objective: This study aimed to determine the minimal scanning duration of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for producing individualized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targets that are superior to the group-level targets.Materials and Methods: This study included 30 healthy subjects and 20 depressive patients with highsampled fMRI data (> 69 min). We computed suboptimal targets by gradually increasing the scanning duration beginning at 6 min. The target connectivity and spatial distance to the optimal target (based on the full-duration scanning data) were compared to an anatomically xed target from a group analysis (termed as the group target). These analyses were repeated for healthy subjects and depressive patients, as well as for target masks in the dorsal prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL).Results: As the scanning duration increased, the suboptimal targets gradually approached the optimal targets in the healthy subjects. Compared with the group targets, the suboptimal targets in the DLPFC showed higher connectivity strength after 10 min of data collection and shorter spatial distance after 40 min. Similar results were found in major depressive patients. In the IPL, the minimal scanning duration decreased to 6 and 8 min for connectivity strength and distance, respectively. Conclusion: These ndings provide an important reference for individualized target de nition in terms of scanning duration, which may standardize connectivity-based personalized studies.

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Cognitive Effects Following Offline High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) in Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nikolin

Samaratunga

et al. 2023

Neuropsychol Rev

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High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) is a commonly used form of rTMS to treat neuropsychiatric disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that ‘offline’ HF-rTMS may have cognitive enhancing effects, although the magnitude and moderators of these effects remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the cognitive effects of offline HF-rTMS in healthy individuals. A literature search for randomised controlled trials with cognitive outcomes for pre and post offline HF-rTMS was performed across five databases up until March 2022. This study was registered on the PROSPERO international prospective protocol for systematic reviews (PROSPERO 2020 CRD 42,020,191,269). The Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias in randomised trials. Separate analyses examined the cognitive effects of excitatory and inhibitory forms of offline HF-rTMS on accuracy and reaction times across six cognitive domains. Fifty-three studies (N = 1507) met inclusion criteria. Excitatory offline HF-rTMS showed significant small sized effects for improving accuracy (k = 46, g = 0.12) and reaction time (k = 44, g = -0.13) across all cognitive domains collapsed. Excitatory offline HF-rTMS demonstrated a relatively greater effect for executive functioning in accuracy (k = 24, g = 0.14). Reaction times were also improved for the executive function (k = 21, g = -0.11) and motor (k = 3, g = -0.22) domains following excitatory offline HF-rTMS. The current review was restricted to healthy individuals and future research is required to examine cognitive enhancement from offline HF-rTMS in clinical cohorts.

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Associative memory improvement after 5 days of magnetic stimulation: A replication experiment with active controls

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Efficacy of twice-daily high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on associative memory

Efficacy of twice-daily high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on associative memory

Minimal scanning duration for producing individualized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation targets

Cognitive Effects Following Offline High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) in Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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