Associative stigma experienced by mental health professionals in China and the United States

Lin, Xiaoming; Rosenheck, Robert A.; Sun, Bin; Xie, Guojun; Zhong, Guhua; Tan, Changzan; Zhupei, LI; Yu, Min; He, Hongbo

doi:10.1007/s00127-018-1643-6

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Given the study sample comprised doctors, nurses and allied health professionals, the overwhelming majority were highly educated, with over 85% having a tertiary qualification or higher. Those with the least education, which still equates to approximately 10–11 years of education, were six times more likely to experience high associative stigma and these findings resonate with those of a recent study which also explored associative stigma among mental health professionals in China and the USA 17. Research locally and internationally has shown that those who are less educated tend to hold more stigmatising views towards the mentally ill 28–30.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Findings revealed that among a sample of clinicians in the USA, the CASS displayed good internal consistency and evidence of convergent validity and is an effective tool for measuring associative stigma among mental health professionals who work with people with serious mental illness. A second study has also validated this scale among a sample of clinicians in China, with results revealing how cultural differences can impact associative stigma 17…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associative stigma among mental health professionals in Singapore: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2019

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Objectives(1) Investigate and explore whether different classes of associative stigma (the process by which a person experiences stigmatisation as a result of an association with another stigmatised person) could be identified using latent class analysis; (2) determine the sociodemographic and employment-related correlates of associative stigma and (3) examine the relationship between associative stigma and job satisfaction, among mental health professionals.DesignCross-sectional online survey.ParticipantsDoctors, nurses and allied health staff, working in Singapore.MethodsStaff (n=462) completed an online survey, which comprised 11 associative stigma items and also captured sociodemographic and job satisfaction-related information. Latent class analysis was used to classify associative stigma on patterns of observed categorical variables. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between sociodemographic and employment-related factors and the different classes, while multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between associative stigma and job satisfaction.ResultsThe latent class analysis revealed that items formed a three-class model where the classes were classified as ‘no/low associative stigma’, ‘moderate associative stigma’ and ‘high associative stigma’. 48.7%, 40.5% and 10.8% of the population comprised no/low, moderate and high associative stigma classes, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression showed that years of service and occupation were significantly associated with moderate associative stigma, while factors associated with high associative stigma were education, ethnicity and occupation. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that high associative stigma was significantly associated with lower job satisfaction scores.ConclusionAssociative stigma was not uncommon among mental health professionals and was associated with sociodemographic factors and poorer job satisfaction. Associative stigma has received comparatively little attention from empirical researchers and continued efforts to address this understudied yet important construct in conjunction with future efforts to dispel misconceptions related to mental illnesses are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associative stigma among mental health professionals in Singapore: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2019

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“…Disclosure and confidentiality concerns are common among persons with mental illness and their relatives due to the impact of cultural factors or values [28]. Empirical findings [27,37] also showed that mental health professionals might display stigma towards their patients, which can be explained by the perception of difficulties interacting with them, and reflects the relatively low levels of social acceptance toward persons with mental illness. Even physicians who work in the mental health field might also experience misunderstanding and suspicion by their families and general public [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stigma also affects mental health professionals, such as psychiatrists, menta health counselors, social workers and nurses due to having a connection with persons with mental illness. An occupational hazard for mental health professionals working with those with mental illness might include experienced stigma from the public, i.e., professional stigma or associative stigma, which might also lead to professionals enacting stigma against their clients or holding negative attitudes toward their clients [27,37]. Luo et al (2018) [37] reflected that apart from fear of violent behavior of persons with mental illness, loss of face was another major concern for professionals that working in underdeveloped psychiatric facilities with negligent care made them feel shame and engage in lower social status.…”

Section: Professional Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to public stigma, it was found that the general public concerns whether interactions with persons with mental illness might lead to a loss of face [37]. Given that persons with mental illness were commonly regarded as a shame or guilt to the whole family among [27] Professional stigma was considerably lower in China than in the US, possibly indicating the cultural dominance of respect for professionals over stigma towards persons with mental illness.…”

Section: Face Concern and Familismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stigma of mental illness and cultural factors in Pacific Rim region: a systematic review

Ran

Hall²,

et al. 2021

BMC Psychiatry

108

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Background Although cultural factors play a crucial role in experience of stigma, there is scant review on the impact and importance of culture on stigma of mental illness across Pacific Rim Region. This study aims to investigate: 1) the cultural factors related to stigmatizing beliefs about mental illness in Pacific Rim region, and 2) culture-specific measures and interventions on stigma of mental illness. Methods A systematic search of papers was conducted in the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google scholar through January 2003 to April 2019. Results Forty-one studies in Pacific Rim region which met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The rate of stigma of mental illness (e.g., public stigma: from 25.4 to 85.2%) was relatively high in Pacific Rim region. Culture factors (e.g., Collectivism, Confucianism, face concern and familism, religion and supernatural beliefs) contributed to people’s stigmatizing behaviors and attitudes toward persons with mental illness, their relatives and mental health professionals. Certain measurements were developed and employed to assess different type of cultural factors related to stigma of mental illness. Conclusions Cultural factors play an important role in influencing the rate and performance of stigma of mental illness. Further research on stigma of mental illness and culture-specific interventions to reduce the stigma should be conducted in the Pacific Rim region.

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Development and Psychometric Properties of Associative Stigma in Mental Healthcare Providers Scale (ESA-MHP)

Vielma-Aguilera,

Grandón,

Bustos

et al. 2024

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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Associative stigma experienced by mental health professionals in China and the United States

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Associative stigma among mental health professionals in Singapore: a cross-sectional study

Associative stigma among mental health professionals in Singapore: a cross-sectional study

Stigma of mental illness and cultural factors in Pacific Rim region: a systematic review

Development and Psychometric Properties of Associative Stigma in Mental Healthcare Providers Scale (ESA-MHP)

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