Assumptions of the Energy Policy of the Country versus Investment Outlays Related to the Purchase of Alternative Fuels: Poland as a Case Study

Abstract

Nowadays, the importance of activities for the protection of the environment is growing. This approach has a major impact on the current energy and mining policy in Poland. On the one hand, the energy policy has imposed several restrictions to which the Polish economy will have to adapt; on the other, however, it raises great social opposition from professional groups that will be at risk of changing or losing their jobs and income, which implies extensive restructuring processes. These processes involve the decarbonisation of the economy and include, among others: sustainable production and consumption, sustainable municipal management and high quality of life in the city, waste management, sustainable transport, and energy management. The aim of the article is to indicate the importance of investment outlays and costs incurred when purchasing alternative fuels that would replace hard coal in Poland. It is part of the process of adjusting to the requirements of the new energy policy adopted by Poland as an EU member. In order to ensure energy security by abandoning coal mining, disproportionately high investment outlays for such a transformation would have to be incurred, as well as significant resources that would have to be allocated in the future to the purchase of alternative fuels. The result of the scenario methods used is the proposition of the proprietary RCAES index, which is to facilitate the transition from fossil fuels to alternative fuels, which the authors will fill in the gap existing in this area.

Energy Security as a Premise for Mergers and Acquisitions on the Example of the Multi-Energy Concern PKN Orlen in the Face of the Challenges of the 2020s

“…PEP2040 contains a synthesis of three pillars-fair transformation, zero-emission energy system and good air quality-on the basis of which directional (specific) objectives of future energy behaviour have been set. These goals highlighted in the document include the optimal use of own energy resources through the transformation of own coal regions (hard coal and lignite) and in-depth research and development activities aimed at finding innovations to reduce the environmental burden of fossil fuels, development of the power generation and grid infrastructure in such a way as to ensure that, with the decreasing impact of fossil fuels and greater renewable energy sources, it will be possible to meet the demand for power with one's own resources [64]. The strategic objectives resulting from PEP2040 also include diversification of natural gas and crude oil supplies and expansion of network infrastructure through import capacities and the launch of Baltic Pipe and the second line of the Pomeranian Pipeline as well as other storage facilities, liberalisation of the electricity market through the implementation of an action plan to increase cross-border electricity transmission capacity, use of bio-components and alternative fuels (LNG, CNG, hydrogen, biomethane and synthetic fuels) and electromobility.…”

Revisiting the Nexus between Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Nigeria: The VECM Approach

“…By safeguarding the environment, resources, and the environment, increased reliance on renewable energy would contribute to environmental sustainability. The factors that contribute to the low use of renewable energy may include large initial outlays which are related to the purchase of alternative fuels Ciołek et al [17]. Furthermore, in order to deliver energy to consumers from sources like wind, water, sunlight, biomass, and geothermal energy, updated, modern, and efficient electricity grids are needed [18] (Olabisi et al 2019) [19].…”