Astaxanthin: A Novel Potential Treatment for Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease

Pashkow, Fredric J.; Watumull, D.; Campbell, Charles L.

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.02.010

Cited by 390 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In addition to preventing lipid-based oxidation, this alignment exposes the ionone rings to interact with ROS in the aqueous environment and likely provides proximity to cofactors, such as vitamin C (Pashkow et al, 2008). We previously demonstrated that astaxanthin administered orally is taken up in significant amounts by subcellular organelles of canine and feline lymphocytes, thus showing specific uptake of the carotenoid by target cells (Park et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Astaxanthin also suppressed serum NO and other inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. Additionally, significant cardioprotection has been demonstrated with astaxanthin in multiple animal models of ischemia-reperfusion, with up to 70% protection from ischemic damage (Pashkow et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the relationships between these factors are complex, oxidative stress and inflammation are strongly linked to the development of CVD (Lee et al, 2011a). Despite this connection, there are few therapeutic interventions that successfully address this relationship between oxidative stress and CVD (Pashkow et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Astaxanthin Decreases Inflammatory Biomarkers Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Chew¹,

Mathison²,

Kimble³

et al. 2013

AJAFST

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Oxidative stress and inflammation are strongly linked to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a potent antioxidant, astaxanthin may downregulate inflammation-associated factors involved in endothelial dysfunction and CVD progression. We studied the possible protective effects of astaxanthin against endothelial dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cells were pre-incubated with 0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 μmol/L astaxanthin for 48 h, then oxidative stress induced with 100 μmol/L H2O2 overnight. Uptake kinetics of astaxanthin showed a time-dependent uptake of astaxanthin (1.0 μmol/L) by HUVEC over the 48 h incubation period. Oxidative stress induction with H2O2 in HUVEC decreased intracellular antioxidant activity and increased the production of inflammatory biomarkers and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, pre-incubation of HUVEC with astaxanthin prior to H2O2 stress increased (P < 0.05) superoxide dismutase activity and decreased ROS, prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, NO, IL-8, and IFN- production. Pre-treatment with astaxanthin also downregulated the transcriptional activation of NF-κB and activator protein-1, thereby inhibiting downstream production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Therefore, astaxanthin protects against factors initiated by H2O2 addition, likely by scavenging ROS required for transcriptional activation and inhibiting the production of inflammatory biomarkers involved in endothelial dysfunction and CVD.Abbreviations: AP-1: activator protein-1; CVD: cardiovascular disease; CS: culture supernatant; EGM-2: endothelial growth medium-2; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; HUVEC: human umbilical vein endothelial cell; LTB4: leukotriene B4; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SOD: superoxide dismutase; THF: tetrahydrofuran.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Astaxanthin Decreases Inflammatory Biomarkers Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Chew¹,

Mathison²,

Kimble³

et al. 2013

AJAFST

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show abstract

“…It also exhibits anti-infl ammatory and immunostimulatory action [Goswami et al 2010, Pashkow et al 2008, Yuan et al 2011. The benefi cial effect of astaxanthin is related to the presence of coupled double bonds in the long hydrocarbon chain as well as polar hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in both ionone rings [Liu and Osawa 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The benefi cial effect of astaxanthin is related to the presence of coupled double bonds in the long hydrocarbon chain as well as polar hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in both ionone rings [Liu and Osawa 2007]. Due to its unique chemical structure: polarnonpolar-polar, astaxanthin can react with phospholipid head groups or water in the aqueous environment, quenching radicals from the surface of or inside the lipid bilayer of cell membrane [Pashkow et al 2008]. It protects membrane phospholipids and other lipids against peroxidation more effectively than β-carotene and lutein [McNulty et al 2007] and shows higher scavenging capacity against peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals than that of α-tocopherol, lutein, lycopene and β-carotene [Rodrigues et al 2012].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astaxanthin synthesis by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous DSM 5626 and its astaxanthin overproducing mutants on xylose media under diferent illumination

Stachowiak

2014

Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment

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Background. Astaxanthin is the most important and expensive carotenoid pigment used in aquaculture. Its commercial attractiveness is also related with its antioxidant potential. Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous yeast is considered to be promising for commercial production of astaxanthin. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of the growth and astaxanthin production by X. dendrorhous strains on media containing xylose under different illumination. Material and methods. X. dendrorhous DSM 5626 and its mutants: 10BE and 26UV were used in this study. The cultures were carried out on hydrolysed rye stillage (HS) and YM medium with xylose (YM-K). Cell concentration, total carotenoid and astaxanthin yields were assessed in 5-day cultures. The effect of illumination in the range of 0-5,000 lx on growth and on astaxanthin production of yeasts in cultures run on YM-K medium was also examined. Results. For the tested yeast strains better growth parameters and astaxanthin yields were obtained on the YM-K medium, on which for all strains the highest pigment yields were recorded at 600-1,000 lx. The highest concentration of astaxanthin in cells was recorded for 26UV in a culture at 1,000 lx (0.51 g·kg -1 DCW). The volume yield of the pigment regardless of strain was highest in cultures at 600 lx. In this case 10BE was found to be the best astaxanthin producer with a yield of 2.15 mg·dm -3 . Conclusions. Astaxanthin synthesis in X. dendrorhous DSM 5626 and its mutants was better on YM-K medium comparing to hydrolysed rye stillage. Moreover, carotenogenesis in the studied yeast strains was subjected to marked photoregulation. Illumination within the range of 600-1,000 lx promotes carotenogenesis and astaxanthin production, while exceeding a certain light capacity results in microbial cell death.

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Bioactive Carotenoids from Microalgae

Guedes

Amaro

Sousa‐Pinto

et al. 2013

Bioactive Compounds From Marine Foods

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Astaxanthin: A Novel Potential Treatment for Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 390 publications

References 47 publications

Astaxanthin Decreases Inflammatory Biomarkers Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Astaxanthin Decreases Inflammatory Biomarkers Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Astaxanthin synthesis by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous DSM 5626 and its astaxanthin overproducing mutants on xylose media under diferent illumination

Bioactive Carotenoids from Microalgae

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