Astaxanthin protects against early burn-wound progression in rats by attenuating oxidative stress-induced inflammation and mitochondria-related apoptosis

Abstract

Burn-wound progression can occur in the initial or peri-burn area after a deep burn injury. The stasis zone has a higher risk of deterioration mediated by multiple factors but is also considered salvageable. Astaxanthin (ATX), which is extracted from some marine organisms, is a natural compound with a strong antioxidant effect that has been reported to attenuate organ injuries caused by traumatic injuries. Hence, we investigated the potential effects of ATX on preventing early burn-wound progression. A classic “comb” burn rat model was established in this study for histological and biological assessments, which revealed that ATX, particularly higher doses, alleviated histological deterioration in the stasis zone. Additionally, we observed dose-dependent improvements in oxidative stress and the release of inflammatory mediators after ATX treatment. Furthermore, ATX dose-dependently attenuated burn-induced apoptosis in the wound areas, and this effect was accompanied by increases in Akt and Bad phosphorylation and a downregulation of cytochrome C and caspase expression. In addition, the administration of Ly 294002 further verified the effect of ATX. In summary, we demonstrated that ATX protected against early burn-wound progression in a rat deep-burn model. This protection might be mediated by the attenuation of oxidative stress-induced inflammation and mitochondria-related apoptosis.

Astaxanthin Attenuates Hypertensive Vascular Remodeling by Protecting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction

“…As a ROS scavenger and chemically antioxidant, ATX has two special structures, the polyene chain and terminal ring, which equipped ATX with outstanding antioxidant capacity to capture and scavenge radicals and prevent chain reactions. Meanwhile, ATX has been suggested to improve SOD and glutathione and inhibit the xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase, therefore balance the prooxidant and antioxidant [20]. In the present study, oxidant load and poor defensive ability to oxidative stress of VSMCs in the aorta were alleviated by ATX with reduced ROS, more expression of SOD2, and less expression of NOX4 and H 2 O 2 .…”

Synthesis, stability and bioavailability of astaxanthin succinate diester

“…The oral absorbability of ASD was evaluated by measuring the AST concentrations in the serum and liver of ICR mice 0, 3,6,9,12,15,24,48, and 72 h after a single oral dose of ASD (100 mg kg −1 , AST equivalents) in the corn oil vehicle, administered via gavage (Fig. 3a).…”

“…10 Furthermore, AST improves liver function 11 and destroys peroxide chain reactions to protect cells from oxidative damage. 12,13 AST also affects ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation as well as desquamation of the epidermis and the extracellular matrix of the dermis. 14 In addition, it improves heart function 15 by increasing the production of antibodies and T-cells, inflammation and age-related macular degeneration.…”

Skin Aging & Modern Age Anti-aging Strategies

“…The ROS lead to skin aging via oxidative damage that are induced by UVR. Therefore, topical formulations which have antioxidant effect could reduce aging level [200]. Eren et.al, 2019 reported that topical formulations of astaxanthin-loaded algae extractcould be suggested as topical anti-aging formulations [199].…”

“…Eren et.al, 2019 reported that topical formulations of astaxanthin-loaded algae extractcould be suggested as topical anti-aging formulations [199]. Comparative studies examining the photoprotective effects of carotenoids have demonstrated that astaxanthin is a superior antioxidant, having greater antioxidant capacity than canthaxanthin and β-carotene in human dermal fibroblasts [200].In particular, astaxanthininhibits ROS formation and modulates the expression of oxidative stress-responsive enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is a marker of oxidative stress and a regulatory mechanism involved in the cell adaptation against oxidative damage [205]. Figure 17: The proposed mechanism by which astaxanthin inhibits oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and development and progression of diseases [211].…”