ASTER-based remote sensing investigation of gypsum in the Kohat Plateau, north Pakistan

Khan, Asad; Faisal, Shah; Shafique, Muhammad; Khan, Suleman

doi:10.1007/s13146-019-00543-x

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Band rationing is an extensively used method for investigating and mapping various mineral deposits, ore deposits related hydrothermal alteration and weathering zones, and other rock types, for example, limestone, gypsum, peridotites and several other acidic and mafic‐ultramafic igneous rocks (e.g., Amer & Kusky, 2022; Khan et al, 2020; Malainine et al, 2022; Traore et al, 2022 and references therein). It is the ratio of the digital numbers (DN) of individual pixels in different bands used and highlights the desired material in bright pixels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The integration of these multiple techniques was used to elude false detection of material of interest and enhance accuracy of the mapping. This integrated approach has been applied in the Loe-Shilman carbonatite complex, northwestern Himalaya of Pakistan in order to evaluate the efficiency of ASTER and of this integrated approach, using field and petrographic observations, and geochemical x-ray fluorescence analysis for validation (e.g., Khan et al, 2020;Raji et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An integrated approach for rapid exploration of carbonatites and related mineral resources

Khan,

Ali,

Khan

et al. 2023

Resource Geology

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Carbonatites are proven significant repositories of several critical and strategic elements such as rare earth elements, niobium, thorium, and uranium. Owing to their economic significance, mapping of carbonatites and associated mineral deposits has occupied prominent place in mineral resource exploration programs. In this study an integrated approach was developed to map carbonatite and related mineral deposits in the Loe‐Shilman, Northwest Himalaya of Pakistan, using remotely sensed advance space‐borne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) multispectral data and visible near infrared and short‐wave infrared (VNIR‐SWIR) spectral characteristics of minerals in these deposits. Several image enhancement techniques, including band ratio (i.e., B4/B3), principal component and minimum noise fraction transformation (PC6 and MNF5, respectively) helped in highlighting the targeted rocks. The results demonstrate the suitability of ASTER data for discriminating carbonatite related mineral deposits from other surrounding lithologies. Results obtained from these methods were validated through field observations in the area and further confirmed through petrographic and chemical analyses of collected specimens. Field data have also served as training data to perform a supervised classification, allowing further improvement of the mapping results. Moreover, the obtained results from the techniques used for exploring carbonatites and related mineral deposits were stacked together for comparison with each other, to check their sensitivities, and assess their efficiency and accuracy. Generally, all these methods successfully highlighted carbonatites and related mineral deposits; however, when used integratively they exhibit higher degree of accuracy, and has proven to be relatively rapid and cost‐effective.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated approach for rapid exploration of carbonatites and related mineral resources

Khan,

Ali,

Khan

et al. 2023

Resource Geology

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“…ASTER is a multispectral sensor launched in 1999 onboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra platform. The usefulness of ASTER data has been proved for mineral exploration and geological mapping by several studies (e.g., Mars and Rowan 2011;Rajendran and Nasir 2013b;Ninomiya and Fu 2016;Yazdi et al 2018;Abdelkareem and El-Baz 2018;Shi et al 2020;Khan et al 2020;Beirami and Tangestani 2020). ASTER sensor has relatively ameliorated spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions compared to most other multispectral sensors such as Landsat.…”

Section: Data Acquisition and Pre-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Band rationing is a widely used approach for identifying and mapping various mineral concentrations, hydrothermal alteration/weathering profiles and rock types (e.g., Ninomiya et al 2005;Pour and Hashim 2011;Mars and Rowan 2011;Guha and K 2016;Ninomiya and Fu 2016;Fakhari et al 2019;Zamyad et al 2019;Khan et al 2020). It is the ratio of the digital number (DN) of each pixel in a given band and the DN of the equivalent pixel in another band, which highlights the desired object in bright pixels.…”

Section: Band Ratio Tir and Vnir-swirmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated ASTER-based approach for mapping carbonatite and iron oxide-apatite deposits

Malainine

Raji

Ouabid

et al. 2021

Geocarto International

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Mapping of carbonatites and related mineral deposits has occupied prominent place in mineral resource exploration programs given their potential to host valuable concentrations of critical metals such as rare earth elements and niobium. Based on spectral characteristics of most indicative minerals for these rocks, a mapping approach was developed using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data. The combination of band rationing outcomes with components from the principal component analysis and minimum noise fraction techniques highlighted the targeted rocks, with the excellent prospective zone representing ~ 0.2% of the total investigated area. This approach was successfully applied to the Gleibat Lafhouda complex to rapidly delineate carbonatites and iron oxide-apatite ore outcrops. Results were validated through field observations and in-situ geochemical analysis using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer. Field data have also served as training data to perform a supervised classification, allowing further improvement of the mapping results.

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“…Analytical techniques for RS are grouped into data-driven and knowledge-based techniques [15]. Several techniques, such as band ratios [16,17], band ratio matrix transformation (BRMT) [18], spectral angle mappers (SAM) [19,20], decorrelation stretching (DS) [17,21], principal components analysis (PCA) [17,22,23], directed principal component analysis (DPCA) [24], feature-oriented principal components selection (FPCS) also known as Crosta technique [25][26][27], spatially weighted PCA [28,29], directed PCA [30,31], and other variants of PCA [32], have been reported for mapping different lithological [33] and environmental [34] features. Recently, Support Vector Machine (SVM), PCA, and independent component analysis (ICA) have been used to map gold-bearing granite-greenstone rocks using AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral and ASTER data [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fusion of Feature-Oriented Principal Components of Multispectral Data to Map Granite Exposures of Pakistan

et al. 2021

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Despite low spatial resolutions, thermal infrared bands (TIRs) are generally more suitable for mineral mapping due to fundamental tones and high penetration in vegetated areas compared to shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands. However, the weak overtone combinations of SWIR bands for minerals can be compensated by fusing SWIR-bearing data (Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8) with other multispectral data containing fundamental tones from TIR bands. In this paper, marble in a granitic complex in Mardan District (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) in Pakistan is discriminated by fusing feature-oriented principal component selection (FPCS) obtained from the ASTER, Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) and Sentinel-2 MSI data. Cloud computing from Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used to apply FPCS before and after the decorrelation stretching of Landsat-8, ASTER, and Sentinel-2 MSI data containing five (5) bands in the Landsat-8 OLI and TIRS and six (6) bands each in the ASTER and Sentinel-2 MSI datasets, resulting in 34 components (i.e., 2 × 17 components). A weighted linear combination of selected three components was used to map granite and marble. The samples collected during field visits and petrographic analysis confirmed the remote sensing results by revealing the region’s precise contact and extent of marble and granite rock types. The experimental results reflected the theoretical advantages of the proposed approach compared with the conventional stacking of band data for PCA-based fusion. The proposed methodology was also applied to delineate granite deposits in Karoonjhar Mountains, Nagarparker (Sindh province) and the Kotah Dome, Malakand (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province) in Pakistan. The paper presents a cost-effective methodology by the fusion of FPCS components for granite/marble mapping during mineral resource estimation. The importance of SWIR-bearing components in fusion represents minor minerals present in granite that could be used to model the engineering properties of the rock mass.

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ASTER-based remote sensing investigation of gypsum in the Kohat Plateau, north Pakistan

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

An integrated approach for rapid exploration of carbonatites and related mineral resources

An integrated approach for rapid exploration of carbonatites and related mineral resources

An integrated ASTER-based approach for mapping carbonatite and iron oxide-apatite deposits

A Fusion of Feature-Oriented Principal Components of Multispectral Data to Map Granite Exposures of Pakistan

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