ASTEROID: A New Clinical Stereotest on an Autostereo 3D Tablet

Vancleef, Kathleen; Serrano‐Pedraza, Ignacio; Sharp, Craig; Slack, Gareth; Black, Carla; Casanova, Therese; Hugill, Jess; Rafiq, Sheima; Burridge, James; Puyat, Vito; Enongue, Josee Ewane; Gale, Henry G.; Akotei, Hannah; Collier, Zoe; Haggerty, Helen R.; Smart, Kathryn; Powell, Christine; Taylor, Kate; Clarke, Michael; Morgan, Graham; Read, J.

doi:10.1167/tvst.8.1.25

Cited by 28 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Thus, if the number of trials used for estimating the threshold is small (< 30), we recommend using ZEST optimal σ. This procedure is currently being used in a 3D software dedicated to estimate the stereoacuity (ASTEROID, [31,32]). However, if the optimal slope is unknown, and the experimenter assumes a uniform distribution for the slope, our results shows that the procedure ZEST 2D θ is a very good candidate followed by Psi-marginal with the configuration Psi θ(σ) or Psi θ,(σ,λ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient estimation of stereo thresholds: What slope should be assumed for the psychometric function?

et al. 2020

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Bayesian staircases are widely used in psychophysics to estimate detection thresholds. Simulations have revealed the importance of the parameters selected for the assumed subject's psychometric function in enabling thresholds to be estimated with small bias and high precision. One important parameter is the slope of the psychometric function, or equivalently its spread. This is often held fixed, rather than estimated for individual subjects, because much larger numbers of trials are required to estimate the spread as well as the threshold. However, if this fixed value is wrong, the threshold estimate can be biased. Here we determine the optimal slope to minimize bias and maximize precision when measuring stereoacuity with Bayesian staircases. We performed 2-and 4AFC disparity detection stereo experiments in order to measure the spread of the disparity psychometric function in human observers assuming a Logistic function. We found a wide range, between 0.03 and 3.5 log 10 arcsec, with little change with age. We then ran simulations to examine the optimal spread using the empirical data. From our simulations and for three different experiments, we recommend selecting assumed spread values between the percentiles 60-80% of the population distribution of spreads (these percentiles can be extended to other type of thresholds). For stereo thresholds, we recommend a spread around the value σ = 1.7 log 10 arcsec for 2AFC (slope β = 4.3 /log 10 arcsec), and around σ = 1.5 log 10 arcsec for 4AFC (β = 4.9 /log 10 arcsec). Finally, we compared a Bayesian procedure (ZEST using the optimal σ) with five Bayesian procedures that are versions of ZEST-2D, Psi, and Psi-marginal. In general, for the conditions tested, ZEST optimal σ showed the lowest threshold bias and highest precision.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In clinical applications this can be problematic. For example, our laboratory is designing a stereo test to be run on a 3D tablet [31,32] in order to measure the stereoacuity in small children, so it is fundamental to obtain efficient stereo thresholds with a small number of trials.…”

Section: Comparing Our Procedures With Different Bayesian Adaptive Promentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient estimation of stereo thresholds: What slope should be assumed for the psychometric function?

et al. 2020

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“…The first obstacle is the development of cheap portable displays that can render stereo-3D content of sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution so that useful measurements can be made. Ongoing work is attempting to address this issue (Vancleef et al, 2019).…”

Section: Measuring the Reverse Pulfrich Effect In The Clinicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact lenses can cause the reverse Pulfrich effect and anti-Pulfrich monovision corrections can eliminate it

Rodríguez-López

Dorronsoro

Burge

2020

Preprint

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Interocular differences in image blur can cause dramatic misperceptions of the distance and three-dimensional direction of moving objects. This new illusion-the reverse Pulfrich effect-is caused by the optical conditions induced by monovision, a common correction for presbyopia. Fortunately, anti-Pulfrich monovision corrections, in which the blurring lens is slightly darkened, can eliminate the illusion for a wide range of viewing conditions. However, the reverse Pulfrich effect and the efficacy of anti-Pulfrich corrections have previously been demonstrated only with trial lenses. This situation should be addressed, for both clinical and scientific reasons. First, monovision is most commonly prescribed with contact lenses. It is important to replicate these effects in the most common monovision delivery system. Second, trial lenses of different powers, unlike contacts, cause large magnification differences between the eyes. To confidently attribute the reverse Pulfrich effect to differences in optical blur between the eyes, and to ensure that the reported effect sizes are reliable, one must control for magnification. Here, in a within observer study with five separate experiments, we demonstrate i) that contact lenses induce reverse Pulfrich effects that are indistinguishable from those induced by trial lenses, ii) that overall magnification differences do not cause or impact the Pulfrich effect, and iii) that anti-Pulfrich corrections (i.e. darkening the blurring lens) are equally effective when induced by contact lenses and by trial lenses.

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“…There are a minimum of 25 stereo trialsthe number of non-stereo practice trials increases with the number of mistakes made in the practice trials. Technical details of ASTEROID are described elsewhere 14 . One of the four stereograms has a square with a different disparity and appears to float above the display.…”

Section: Design Of the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of involving young children in improving the understanding of a new eye test

Casanova

Black

Rafiq

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background. Although considered important, the involvement of young children in research is rare and its impact has never been measured. We aim to provide a good practice example of involvement of young children in the development of a tablet-based 3D eye test or stereotest, ASTEROID. We focus on improving understanding of test instructions. Methods. After a pre-measure of understanding was taken, we explored issues with the test instructions in patient and public involvement (PPI) sessions. Feedback was collected via observations, rating scales and children's comments. An interdisciplinary panel reviewed the feedback and decided on the implementation. Subsequently, a post-measure was collected. In Study 1, 650 children (2-11.8 years old) took part in the pre-measure, 111 children (1-12 years old) in the PPI sessions, and 52 children (4-6 years old) in the post-measure which also served as a pre-measure for Study 2. PPI sessions for Study 2 attracted 122 children (1-12 years old) and adults. 53 people (2-39 years old) participated in the post-measure of Study 2. Results. Following feedback in Study 1, we added a frame cue and included a shuffle animation. This increased the percentage of correct practice trials from 76% to 97% (t(231)=14.29, p<.001). After adding a cardboard demo in Study 2, the percentage of correct trials remained stable but the number of additional instructions given decreased (t(103)=3.72, p<.001). Conclusions. Our study demonstrates impact of involvement of very young children in research through accessible activities. It can encourage researchers to involve young children and contribute to developing guidelines.

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ASTEROID: A New Clinical Stereotest on an Autostereo 3D Tablet

Cited by 28 publications

References 48 publications

Efficient estimation of stereo thresholds: What slope should be assumed for the psychometric function?

Efficient estimation of stereo thresholds: What slope should be assumed for the psychometric function?

Contact lenses can cause the reverse Pulfrich effect and anti-Pulfrich monovision corrections can eliminate it

The impact of involving young children in improving the understanding of a new eye test

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