Asthma Patterns in Saudi Arabian Children

Frayh, A.R. Al

doi:10.1177/146642409011000309

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A similar study conducted in Saudi Arabia also sheds light on this association between parental atopy ( p value <0.007 [31]) and the appearance of allergy symptoms ( p < 0.01 [30]) among children. In light of these findings, it can be hypothesized that atopic diseases are inherited in children; however, the mode of inheritance is yet to be discovered (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prevalence of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Among School Children of Karachi, Pakistan, 2007

et al. 2009

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In recent times, the incidence of allergic diseases, particularly bronchial asthma, has been increasing worldwide. However, there appears to be no published data on the prevalence of allergic diseases among school children (3 to 16 years of age) in Karachi, Pakistan, with only limited data available among few age groups under one ISAAC study. The objective of this project was to investigate the prevalence of allergic diseases among school children (3 to 16 years of age) in the city of Karachi. The questionnaire that was used for data collection had previously been used for a similar study in neighboring Saudi Arabia and the U.A.E. In 2007, a total of 3,000 surveys were distributed in various schools of Karachi, of which 2,325 completed surveys were obtained. SPSS was used to perform statistical analysis on the collected data. Survey results showed that the frequency of diagnosed (previously seen by physicians) cases of asthma stood at 15.8%, while the frequency of allergic rhinitis was found to be 28.50% among these children. Other parameters that were analyzed included dry cough (20.1%), wheezing (11.7%), breathlessness (15.40%), and eczema (21.8%). Furthermore, smoking by family members was found to be associated with asthma (p value less than 0.05), allergic rhinitis (p value less than 0.05), breathlessness (p value less than 0.05), dry cough (p value 0.002), and wheezing (p value less than 0.05). This study reveals that there is a significant number of school children in the metropolitan city of Karachi who have various allergic symptoms. It also sheds light on the fact that exposure to indoor environmental factors as well as family atopy can play a key role in increasing the chances of an individual to experience asthma and other allergy symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prevalence of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Among School Children of Karachi, Pakistan, 2007

et al. 2009

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“…Nevertheless, in country districts and villages a much more traditional lifestyle is maintained. Previous studies have suggested that doctor-diagnosed asthma occurs in 4-17% of urban Saudi children [22,23].…”

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confidence: 99%

Asthma and respiratory symptoms in urban and rural Saudi Arabia

Hijazi

Abalkhail²,

Seaton³

1998

Eur Respir J

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The aim of this study was to contrast the prevalence of allergic symptoms in children living in urban and rural areas of Saudi Arabia and to investigate factors associated with any differences found. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted of a social class-stratified sample of 1,020 urban and 424 rural 12 yr old children, recording symptoms of current and past allergic disease and doctors' diagnoses, together with nationality and the fathers' educational level and occupations. A significantly greater prevalence of allergic symptoms was found in urban than in rural children and in Saudi than in non-Saudi Arab children. Males were more likely to have some respiratory symptoms and females had more eye and skin symptoms. Educational level and occupation of the father did not influence the likelihood of having symptoms. Logistic regression analyses showed that urban residence and Saudi nationality were the two main risk factors associated with asthmatic symptoms. There is likely to have been a recent increase in the prevalence of allergic disease in Saudi children associated with increased affluence, which has not affected non-Saudi migrants moving into the same environment to the same extent. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the environment, possibly through changes in lifestyle and patterns of infection, influences the expression of allergic disease.

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“…About 10% of children nationally suffer from bronchial asthma, and even much higher (18%) suffer from allergic rhinitis. Regional differences in the prevalence pattern 7 of both bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis were clear in three regions, indicating the possible influence of some environmental factor(s) in the sensitization and elicitation of symptoms in the allergic population of the regions.…”

Section: Accepted For Publication 28 May 1996 Received 5 December 1995mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Health care facilities, including hygiene, in the Kingdom, are considered to be excellent. According to our recent prevalence study, 7 bronchial asthma emerged to be a common disease in children. About 10% of children nationally suffer from bronchial asthma, and even much higher (18%) suffer from allergic rhinitis.…”

Section: Accepted For Publication 28 May 1996 Received 5 December 1995mentioning

confidence: 99%

House Dust Mite Allergens in Saudi Arabia: Regional Variations and Immune Response

Al-Frayh

Hasnain²,

Gadelrab³

et al. 1997

Ann Saudi Med

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In order to assess the causative extrinsic allergic factor(s) in school-age children diagnosed as having bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, and to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the presence of house dust mites (HDMs) in the homes of these children in Saudi Arabia, a study analyzing mite contents in 165 samples collected from patients' indoor environment was conducted. The dust samples were collected from four regions of Saudi Arabia, showing variation in their geography and climate. Immunochemical assays were performed using ALK reagents by ELISA technique. A total of 462 children were also tested using skin prick test (SPT) method for IgEmediated reactions to HDMs. The samples from the Central dry region revealed a very low amount of the potent house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, the two dominant species in various parts of the world). The samples from the Southern mountainous region contained a very high concentration of Der p I (84,000 ng/g of dust), while the Western coastal region showed a high concentration of Der ƒ I (up to 22,000 ng/g). The mid-Western agricultural region did not exhibit any significant level of either Der p I or Der f I. The maximum level of D. pteronyssinus detected in the Central dry region was 106 ng/g of dust. The data exhibit both qualitative and quantitative variations of HDMs in the three regions and may be attributed to variation in geography and climate, particularly humidity of the regions, which vary significantly. Riyadh in the Central region is considered to have low humidity (<40%), while humidity in the Western coastal region, Jeddah, and the Southern region of Abha is comparatively higher, which helps house dust mites thrive. SPT results in these regions with house dust mite allergens (in addition to other common inhalant allergens) also revealed a considerable number of IgE-mediated reactions, consistent with the frequency of house dust mites in the region. Though more data are being accumulated on the subject to conduct a statistical comparison and more skin tests are underway in the Southern region, the study suggests the presence of at least two HDMs as well as qualitative diversity and quantitative variation of house dust mites in Saudi Arabia. The study also indicates, with a considerable number of IgE-mediated reactions, the possible influence of mites in the allergic manifestations of many patients, which is not only common, but increasing in parts of the country. Ann Saudi Med 1997; 17(2):156-160. The species of house dust mites (HDMs), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, as well as other animal-origin allergens such as airborne pollen, fungal spores, cat dander and saliva, and cockroach fecal particles, have been implicated as a cause of respiratory allergies in humans. Both species of mites are known to be prevalent indoors and are considered to be potent allergens in many parts of the world, especially in humid climates.The role of mites (family Pyroglyphidae) as an important source of house dust allerg...

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Asthma Patterns in Saudi Arabian Children

Abstract: IN A STUDY of 2006 school children living in two

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Prevalence of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Among School Children of Karachi, Pakistan, 2007

Prevalence of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Among School Children of Karachi, Pakistan, 2007

Asthma and respiratory symptoms in urban and rural Saudi Arabia

House Dust Mite Allergens in Saudi Arabia: Regional Variations and Immune Response

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